Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Citrus aurantifolia Leaves Ethanolic Extract

  • Safira Nafisa Universitas Pancasila
  • Greesty Finotory Swandiny Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila
  • Erlindha Gangga Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila
  • Yulianita Ariefiyanty Zaenudin Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila

Abstract

Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia S.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang digunakan secara luas untuk berbagai penyakit termasuk infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas ekstrak etanol 70% dan 96% daun Citrus aurantifolia terhadap mikroba penyebab infeksi pada manusia, antara lain Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Penapisan fitokimia dilakukan untuk memprediksi metabolit sekunder yang berperan dalam aktivitas antimikroba daun Citrus aurantifolia. Aktivitas antimikroba ditentukan menCitrus aurantifolia S. is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely used for various diseases including infections. This study aims to test the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 70% and 96% ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantifolia leaves to microbes that cause infection in humans, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Phytochemical screening was carried out to predict secondary metabolites that play a role in the antimicrobial activity of Citrus aurantifolia leaves. The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar diffusion method with disc paper and well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening showed that simplicia powder, 70% ethanol extract, and 96% ethanol extract from Citrus aurantifolia leaves contained flavonoids, coumarin, saponins, tannins, steroids / triterpenoids, and essential oils. This study showed that 70% and 96% ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli bacteria. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia leaves is potential to be developed as an antibacterial product.
ggunakan metode difusi agar dengan kertas cakram dan metode difusi sumuran. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa baik serbuk simplisia, ekstrak etanol 70%, dan ekstrak etanol 96% dari daun Citrus aurantifolia mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, kumarin, saponin, tanin, steroid/triterpenoid, dan minyak atsiri. Ekstrak etanol 70% dan 96% daun Citrus aurantifolia dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, dan Escherichia coli. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan ekstrak etanol daun Citrus aurantifolia berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai produk antibakteri.


 

References

1. Şeker Karatoprak G, Yücel Aşık Ç, Çakır A, Köngül Şafak E. In vitro pharmacological screening of antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities of Citrus aurantifolia Linn. Dried fruit extract. Int J Environ Health Res. 2020;

2. Balogun SO, Da Silva IF, Colodel EM, De Oliveira RG, Ascêncio SD, De Oliveira Martins DT. Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of Helicteres sacarolha A. St.- Hil. et al. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;157:285–91.

3. Ibrahim FA, Usman LA, Akolade JO, Idowu OA, Abdulazeez AT, Amuzat AO. Antidiabetic Potentials of Citrus aurantifolia Leaf Essential Oil. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2019;69(4):201–6.

4. Josephine OEO, Ngozi CG. Comparative effects of peel extract from Nigerian grown citrus on body weight, liver weight and serum lipids in rats fed a high-fat diet. African J Biochem Res. 2015;9(9):110–6.

5. Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Bonesi M, Menichini F, De Luca D, Colica C, et al. Evaluation of Citrus aurantifolia peel and leaves extracts for their chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. J Sci Food Agric. 2012;92(15):2960–7.

6. Pathan R khan, Gali PR, Pathan P, Gowtham T, Pasupuleti S. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus aurantifolia and its Phytochemical screening. Asian Pacific J Trop Dis. 2012;2(SUPPL.1).

7. Roko OG, Dougnon V, Hounkpatin A, Klotoé JR, Baba-Moussa L. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Properties of Ethanolic Extracts of Three Plants of Beninese’s Pharmacopoeia: Euphorbia hirta, Citrus aurantifolia and Heterotis rotundifolia. Asian J Biol. 2020;1–8.

8. Sunday Enejoh O, Oladejo Ogunyemi I, Smart Bala M, Sotonye Oruene I, Musa Suleiman M, Folorunsho Ambali S. Ethnomedical Importance of Citrus Aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle. Pharma Innov J. 2015;4(8):1–6.

9. Ali S, Bansal S, Mishra RP. Fumaria indica (L), a famous medicinal herb of tribal regions of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh: Broad spectrum antibacterial and phytochemical profilng against some pathogenic microorganisms. Pharmacogn J. 2020;12(3):619–23.

10. Al-Aamri MS, Al-Abousi NM, Al-Jabri SS, Alam T, Khan SA. Chemical composition and in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia L. leaves grown in Eastern Oman. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018;13(2):108–12.

11. Sandoval-Montemayor NE, García A, Elizondo-Treviño E, Garza-González E, Alvarez L, Del Rayo Camacho-Corona M. Chemical composition of hexane extract of Citrus aurantifolia and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of some of its constituents. Molecules. 2012;17(9):11173–84.

12. Farida Y, Azela W, Lestari ME, Pratami DK. The quality parameters, total flavonoids determination and antioxidant activity compound of andaliman fruit andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc.) extract. Int J Appl Pharm. 2021;13(special issue 2):34–40.

13. Farnsworth NR. Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. J Pharm Sci. 1966;55(3):225–76.

14. Salni S, Marisa H, Mukti R. Isolasi Senyawa Antibakteri Dari Daun Jengkol (Pithecolobium lobatum Benth) dan Penentuan Nilai KHM-nya. J Penelit Sains. 2011;14(1):168193.

15. Sinaga NI, Hanafi M, Yantih N. Identification of chemical compounds and antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract from moringa oleifera lam. Leaves against mrsa (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus). Int J Appl Pharm. 2021;13(Special Issue 2):111–4.

16. Raut JS, Karuppayil SM. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Vol. 62, Industrial Crops and Products. 2014. p. 250–64.

17. Mohamed Sham Shihabudeen H, Hansi Priscilla D, Thirumurugan K. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of selected Indian folk medicinal plants. Int J Pharma Sci Res. 2010;1(10):430–4.

18. Xie Y, Yang W, Tang F, Chen X, Ren L. Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism. Curr Med Chem. 2014;22(1):132–49.

19. Khan MI, Ahhmed A, Shin JH, Baek JS, Kim MY, Kim JD. Green Tea Seed Isolated Saponins Exerts Antibacterial Effects against Various Strains of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria, a Comprehensive Study in Vitro and in Vivo. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2018;2018.

20. Epand RF, Savage PB, Epand RM. Bacterial lipid composition and the antimicrobial efficacy of cationic steroid compounds (Ceragenins). Biochim Biophys Acta - Biomembr. 2007;1768(10):2500–9.

21. Akinnibosun F, Edionwe O. Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Antimicrobial potential of the Leaf Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum L.and Citrus aurantifolia Sw. and their Synergy. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2016;19(4):611.

22. David, Stout. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Essay. J Microbiol. 1971;22(4).

23. Wendakoon C, Calderon P, Gagnon D. Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants Extracted in Different Ethanol Concentrations for Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens. J Med Act Plants. 2012;1(2):60–8.
Published
2022-10-31
How to Cite
NAFISA, Safira et al. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Citrus aurantifolia Leaves Ethanolic Extract. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 19, n. 2, p. 287-291, oct. 2022. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1095>. Date accessed: 22 july 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v19i2.1095.
Section
Articles