Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp on Liver and Kidney Function

  • Syilfia Hasti Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau
  • Rahmayati Rusnedy sekolah tinggi ilmu farmasi Riau
  • Musdalifah Musdalifah Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau
  • Asnila Asnila Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau
  • Lisa Renita Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau
  • Ferelina Santi Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau
  • Shella Anggraini Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau
  • Novia Sinata Program Studi Farmasi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau

Abstract

For the development of natural medicines from the ethanolic extract of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp leaves it is necessary to know the pre-clinical safety test so that its safety if used in the long term. The subchronic toxicity test of the ethanolic extract of  Syzygium myrtifolium Walp leaves l was carried out by assessing the kidney and liver function of the test animals given after 60 days of test preparation, in the form of blood biochemical examination using the Mindray®BA-88A device and histological examination of the kidneys and liver. The results showed that the administration of ethanol extract of  Syzygium myrtifolium Walp  leaves at doses of 300, 600 and 900 mg/kgBW did not significantly affect the activity of SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine levels (p>0.05). Microscopically on the percentage of damage to the glomerulus of the right and left kidneys. at doses of 600 and 900 mg/kgBW there was a significant difference to the control group (p<0.05). For qualitative microscopic examination, namely observation of sinusoids and hepatocyte cells at each level, there were abnormal changes. Meanwhile, quantitative microscopic examination at doses of 600 and 900 mg/kgBW caused an increase in the percentage of central vein damage (p<0.05). From the research, it was found that the ethanolic extract of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp leaves of white mice was safe for liver and kidney function at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, but the doses group of 600 and 900 mg/kgBW gave a toxic effect on the kidneys and liver when compared to the control group.

References

1. Hyeronimus SB. Ragam dan khasiat tanaman obat, Edisi 1. Jakarta: AgroMedia; 2006.

2. Priyanto. Toksikologi, mekanisme, terapi antidotum, dan penilaian resiko dan terapi antidotum. Jakarta: Lembaga Studi dan Konsultasi Farmakologi (Leskonfi); 2009.

3. Aisha AFA, Ismail Z, Salah KMA, Siddiqui JM, Ghafar G, and Majid AMSA. Syzygium campanulatum Korth methanolic extract inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth, in nude. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013.13:168- 178.

4. Anggraini D. Uji aktivitas antioksidan, total flavonoid dan total fenolik dari ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) [Skripsi]. Pekanbaru: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau; 2015.

5. Ahmad, M. A., Lim, Y.H., Chan, Y.S., Hsu, C.Y., Wu, T.Y., & Sit, N.W. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the leaf extracts of Syzygium myrtifolium. Acta Pharmaceutica, 2022. 72(2), 600-650.

6. Sriwahyuni A. Uji efek antiinflamasi ekstral n-heksan dan etil asetat daun Pucuk Merah terhadap mencit putih (Mus musculus L.) Jantan [Skripsi]. Pekanbaru: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Famasi Riau; 2014.

7. Sarjono. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak etil asetat daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) terhadap mencit putih (Mus musculus L.) jantan [Skripsi]. Pekanbaru: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau; 2015.

8. Syilfia H, Emrizal; Susilawati, F. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak n-heksana daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp.) terhadap mencit Putih diabetes. Pharmacy: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 2017. 13.02: 172-181.

9. Haryati NA, Saleh CE. Uji toksisitas dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun Merah tanaman Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, 2016. 13.1.

10. Memon AH, Ismail Z, Aisha AFA, Al-Suede FSR, Hamil MSR, Hashim S, et al. Isolation, characterization, crystal structure elucidation, and anticancer study of diethyl cardamonin, Isolated from Syzygium campanulatum Korth. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014. p:1-11.

11. Santoni A, Darwis D, dan Syahri S. Isolasi antosianin dari buah Pucuk Merah (Syzygium campanulatum Kort.) serta pengujian antioksidan dan aplikasi sebagai pewarna alami. Prosiding Semirata FMIPA Universitas Lampung, 2013.

12. Pardila Y. Uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp.) terhadap Mencit Putih (Mus musculus L.) Jantan [Karya Tulis Ilmiah]. Pekanbaru: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau; 2015.

13. Novrita S. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) terhadap kadar bilirubin Mencit Putih (Mus musculus L.) Jantan [Skripsi]. Pekanbaru: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau; 2016.

14. Permadi I. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) terhadap kadar trigliserida mencit putih (Mus musculus L.) jantan. [Skripsi]. Pekanbaru: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau; 2016.

15. Direktorat Pengawasan Obat Tradisional. Parameter standar umum ekstrak tumbuhan obat, Edisi 1. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2000.

16. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, Peraturan kepala badan pengawas obat dan makanan Republik Indonesia nomor 7 tahun 2014 tentang pedoman uji toksisitas nonklinik secara in vivo, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. 2014.

17. Kaplan, A. dan L.L Szabo. Clinical chemistry: Interpretation and technique. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. 1979.

18. Anonim. Reference values for laboratory animals, normal hematology values, Research Animals Resources, University of Minnesota. 2009.

19. Bhagavan,N.V..Medical Biochemistry. 4th Ed. ed. Harcourt Academic Press. Canada. 2002.

20. Mescher, L.A.. Histologi dasar junqueira: Teks & Atlas Edisi 12. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. 2011.

21. Underwood, J.C.E. Patologi umum dan sistemik, Edisi 2. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.2002
Published
2022-04-25
How to Cite
HASTI, Syilfia et al. Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp on Liver and Kidney Function. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 20, n. 1, p. 30-37, apr. 2022. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1103>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v20i1.1103.
Section
Articles