Acute Toxicity of Arumanis Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica L.) Extract Against Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Abstract
Arumanis is one of the cultivars of Indonesian mangoes used as a horticultural commodity. Young leaves arumanis can be used for traditional herbal medicine. Pharmacological activity of young leaf arumanis extract are known to be antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. However, it is necessary to carry out toxicity testing before young leaf arumanis extract is used in traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to determine the LC50 value of young leaf arumanis extract and identify the hatching time of embryos, heart rate of larvae, swimming movement of larvae, and malformations in both embryos and larvae. 45 embryos of zebrafish were exposed to several concentrations of young leaf arumanis extract at 24 h post-fertilization until 96 h post-fertilization. Percentage of embryonic death calculated using probit analysis model LC50. Hatching rate, swimming movements, and heart rate were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software version 26. The LC50 values of the young leaf arumanis extract were 42.65 μg/mL at 96 hpf and also 42.65 μg/mL at 72 hpf. The embryotoxic effects at high concentrations of the extract are hatching delay and decreasing heart rate. The extract also caused abnormalities in embryo morphology, including pericardial edema and tail bending.
References
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[2] I. S. Anugrah, “Positioning mango commodities as regional superiors in an agribusiness system policy: an effort to unite institutional support for the existence of farmers,” Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 189–211, 2009.
[3] L. L. Mahdiyah and P. Husni, “Pharmacological Activities of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Plants,” Farmaka, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019.
[4] V. M. Kulkarni and V. K. Rathod, “Exploring the potential of Mangifera indica leaves extract versus mangiferin for therapeutic application,” Agriculture and Natural Resources, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 155–161, 2018.
[5] S. Permatasari and T. Cahyanto, “Mango leaf shoots (Mangifera indica L.) clove cultivars as lowering blood glucose levels,” Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Dan Pembelajaran Biologi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2018.
[6] T. Cahyanto, A. Fadillah, R. A. Ulfa, R. M. Hasby, and I Kinasih, “Mangiferin Levels in Five Mango Topper Cultivars (Mangifera indica L.),” Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 242–249, 2020.
[7] R. A. Ulfa, T. Cahyanto, I. W. Larasati, A. V Darniwa, A. Adawiyah, and A. Fadillah, “The Effect of Young Leaves Extract of Arumanis Mango as an Antidepressant in Zebrafish (Danio rerio),” Jurnal Biologi Tropis, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 88–97, 2022.
[8] L. L. Z. T. Mahdiyah, A. Muhtadi, and A. N. Hasanah, “Isolation technique and structure determination of mangiferin: active compound from mango plant (Mangifera indica L.),” Majalah Farmasetika, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 167–179, 2020.
[9] D. A. K. Mulangsri and E. Zulfa, “Antibacterial Activity Test of Purified Extract of Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves and Identification of Flavonoids by TLC,” Galenika Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2020.
[10] J. Jumain, S. Syahruni, and F. Farid, “Acute toxicity test and ld50 of ethanol extract of kirinyuh leaves (Euphatorium odoratum Linn) in mice (Mus musculus),” Media Farmasi, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 28–34, 2018.
[11] H. Nugroho, M. Pasaribu, and S. Ismail, “Acute toxicity of Albertisia papuana Becc. on Daphnia magna and Danio rerio,” Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, pp. 96–103, 2018.
[12] E. Mayangsari, B. Lestari, S. Soeharto, N. Permatasari, U. Kalsum, H. Khotimah, Ed., Farmakologi Dasar. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press, 2017.
[13] F. Fakri, L. S. Idrus, M.A. Iskandar, I. Wibowo, I.K. and Adnyana, “Acute Toxicity of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) Ethanol Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo in vivo,” Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, pp. 297–304, 2020.
[14] A. J. Hill, H. Teraoka, W. Heideman, and R. E. Peterson, “Zebrafish as a model vertebrate for investigating chemical toxicity,” Toxicological sciences, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 6–19, 2005.
[15] C. D. Jayasinghe and U. A. Jayawardena, “Toxicity assessment of herbal medicine using zebrafish embryos: A systematic review,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.
[16] S. E. Sudradjat, “Drug Toxicity Test with Zebra Fish Larvae,” Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 88–93, 2019.
[17] W. William, “Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Its Use in Physiological Research,” Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek, 2017.
[18] N. Utami, “Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as Animal Model of Diabetes Mellitus,” Biotrends, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 15–19, 2018.
[19] A. Yuniarto, E. Y. Sukandar, I. Fidrianny, I. K. and Adnyana, “Application of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in several experimental disease models,” MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 116–126, 2017.
[20] K. Eriani, U. Hasanah, R. Fitriana, W. Sari, Y. Yunita, and A. Azhar, “Antidiabetic Potential of Methanol Extract of Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Flowers,” Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology and Biology Education, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 185–194, 2021.
[21] A. V. Darniwa, T. Cahyanto, Z. M. E. Putri, A. Kusumorini, R. A. Ulfa, A. Adawiyah, “Behavior Test and Area Preference in Stress-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio),” Biosfer: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 32–38, 2020.
[22] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET) Test,” in OECD, 2013, pp. 509–511.
[23] Z. Rusli, B. L. Sari, S. Wardatun, and W. Aristyo, “Screening of Acute Toxicity of Several Fractions of Karonda Fruit (Carissa Carandas L.) on Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Embryos,” Fitofarmaka: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 42–53, 2020.
[24] A. A. Alafiatayo, K.S. Lai, A. Syahida, M. Mahmood, and N. A. Shaharuddin, “Phytochemical evaluation, embryotoxicity, and teratogenic effects of Curcuma longa extract on zebrafish (Danio rerio),” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.
[25] K. A. Kowan, “Test of LC50 Dekokta Centella asiatica Value on The Heart Break Frequency of Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) Embryos,” Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas, vol. 3, no. 1, 2016.
[26] C. Sellathory, K. V. Perumal, S. Thiagarajan, A. Z. Abidin, S. S. Balan, and H. Bahari, “Toxicity evaluation of instant coffee via zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo acute toxicity test,” Toxicology, vol. 15, pp. 49–55, 2019.
[27] A. Modarresi Chahardehi, H. Arsad, and V. Lim, “Zebrafish as a successful animal model for screening toxicity of medicinal plants,” Plants, vol. 9, no. 10, 2020.
[28] A. Shaikh, K. Kohale, M. Ibrahim, and M. Khan, “Teratogenic effects of aqueous extract of Ficus glomerata leaf during embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio),” J Appl Pharm Sci, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 107–111, 2019.
[29] J. Duan, Y. Yu, H. Shi, L. Tian, C. Guo, P. Huang, et al., “Toxic effects of silica nanoparticles on zebrafish embryos and larvae,” PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 9, 2013.
[30] F. Ahmad, S. Ali, and M. K. Richardson, “Effect of pesticides and metals on zebrafish embryo development and larval locomotor activity,” bioRxiv, 2020.
[31] B. A. Link and S. G Megason, “Zebrafish as a Model for Development,” Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research, 2008.
[32] T. Narko, M. S. Wibowo, S. Damayanti, and I. Wibowo, “Acute toxicity tests of fermented robusta green coffee using zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio),” Pharmacognosy Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, 2020.
[33] J. A. Adeyemi, A. da Cunha Martins-Junior, and F. Barbosa Jr, “Teratogenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) co-exposed to arsenic and atrazine,” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol. 172, pp. 7–12, 2015.
Published
2024-10-31
How to Cite
DARNIWA, Adisty Virakawugi et al.
Acute Toxicity of Arumanis Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica L.) Extract Against Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos.
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 22, n. 2, p. 179-186, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2614-6495.
Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1209>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v22i2.1209.
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