Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Agarosa dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa
Abstrak
Agar adalah polisakarida kompleks yang dapat diisolasi dari rumput laut golongan Rhodophyta, seperti Gracilaria verrucosa. Agar terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu agarosa dan agaropektin. Penggunaan NaOH pada penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menghidrolisis agar, sehingga terbentuk 3,6-anhidro-L- galaktosa, sedangkan propilen glikol untuk memisahkan agarosa dari agaropektin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi agarosa dari rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa menggunakan NaOH 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10% serta propilen glikol 30, 50 dan 70 mL. Agarosa yang didapat memberikan pita serapan yang spesifik pada panjang gelombang spektra IR sekitar 930 cm -1 dan 890 cm-1, dan terdapat pita serapan sekitar 860 cm-1 dan 830 cm-1, yang menunjukkan masih mengandung sulfat. Peningkatan konsentrasi NaOH dan volume propilen glikol menyebabkan penurunan kadar sulfat dan kadar abu, suhu lebur dan pembentukan gel tetap serta peningkatan kekuatan gel. Agarosa hasil isolasi yang paling baik adalah yang mengunakan NaOH 10% dan propilen glikol 70 mL dengan kadar abu 2,0035±0,0429% (b/b), kadar sulfat 0,3236±0,0131% (b/b), suhu lebur 34 oC, suhu pembentukan gel 90 oC, kekuatan gel 432,195±26,172 g/cm2 dan derajat elektroendosmosis 0,20±0,005.
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