In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour's Methanol Extract and Its Combination with Commercial Drugs

  • Devi Nurhasana Master Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
  • Rahmaga Febriansyah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
  • Avidlyandi Avidlyandi Master Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
  • Salprima Yudha S. Research Center of Sumatera Natural Product and Functional Materials, Universitas Bengkulu, 38371, Indonesia
  • Charles Banon Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
  • Dwita Oktiarni Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
  • Morina Adfa Research Center of Sumatera Natural Product and Functional Materials, Universitas of Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1383

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to look into the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Excoecaria cochinchinensis as well as the effect of its combination with antibiotics on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method, and the combined effect of the extract and antibiotics was observed using the paper strip diffusion method. At various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL), the extract significantly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, and S. epidermidis. The inhibitory zone's diameter increased proportionally with the extract concentration. The growth of K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis was then classified as extremely sensitive (+++) to the addition of the extract at 200 and 250 mg/mL concentrations, meanwhile, E. aerogenes’s with 250 mg/mL of the extract. Secondary metabolites such as oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, scopoletin, kaempferol, quercetin, diterpenoid compounds, tannins, and other phenolics have been reported from E. cochinchinensis leaves and are thought to be responsible for its antimicrobial activity. The effect of the extract’s combination with antibiotics was insignificant compared to their individual activity, thereby classifying them as indifferent.

References

1. Rizi KS, Kiarash G, Hadi F. Clinical and pathogenesis overview of enterobacter infections. Rev Clin Med. 2019;6(4):146–54.

2. Foster TJ. Surface proteins of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1–10.

3. Yamada K, Subeki, Nabeta K, Yamasaki M, Katakura K, Matsuura H. Isolation of antibabesial compounds from Brucea javanica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Excoecaria cochinchinensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2009;73(3):776–80.

4. Leelapornpisid P, Chansakao S, Ittiwittayawat T, Pruk¬sakorn S. Antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. In: Proc WOCMAP III, Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Volume 5: Quality, Efficacy, Safety, Processing & Trade in MAPs Acta Hort. 2005. p. 97–104.

5. Trang DH, Nhung DT, Hai N. Bacterial inhibitory effect of Clerodendron fragrans vent. and Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. extracts on Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae causing rice leaf blight. Vietnam J Agric Sci. 2017;15(10):1390–440.

6. Bandiola TMB. Extraction and qualitative phytochemical screening of medicinal plants: a brief summary. Int J Pharm. 2018;8(1):137–43.

7. Julianti E, Rajah KK, Fidrianny I. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of cinnamon bark, honey, and their combination effects against acne-causing bacteria. Sci Pharm. 2017;85(19):1–8.

8. Me R, Sarol NA, Baharim NS. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of sirih leaves (Piper betle. Linn). Asian J Fundam Appl Sci. 2021;2(2):15–23.

9. Ponce AG, Fritz R, Del Valle C, Roura SI. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on the native microflora of Organic Swiss Chard. Leb u-Technol. 2003;36(7):679–84.

10. Laishram S, Pragasam AK, Bakthavatchalam YD, Veeraraghavan B. An update on technical, interpretative and cinical relevance of antimicrobial synergy testing methodologies. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2017;35(4):445–68.

11. Hieu LH, Thao NP, Anh DH, Hong Hanh TT, Cong ND, Cuong NT, et al. Metabolites from Excoecaria cochi-nchinensis Lour. Phytochem Lett. 2020;37(8):116–20.

12. Gonelimali FD, Lin J, Miao W, Xuan J, Charles F, Chen M, et al. Antimicrobial properties and mechanism of action of some plant extracts against food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Front Microbiol. 2018;9(1639):1–9.

13. Ginovyan M, Petrosyan M, Trchounian A. Antimicrobial activity of some plant materials used in armenian traditional medicine. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(50):1–9.

14. Ye-ling W, Ping L, Kai-jing G, Li-yu C, Qin T. Isola¬tion and identification of chemical constituents of Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. Nat Prod Res Dev. 2014;26(1):47–9.

15. Luo H, Li W, Zhang X, Deng S, Xu Q, Hou T, et al. In planta high levels of hydrolysable tannins inhibit peroxidase mediated anthocyanin degradation and maintain abaxially red leaves of Excoecaria cochinchinensis. BMC Plant Biol. 2019;19(1):1-20.

16. Jesus JA, Lago JHG, Laurenti MD, Yamamoto ES, Passero LFD. Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids: an update. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2015;2015:620472.

17. Kurek A, Grudniak AM, Szwed M, Klicka A, Samluk L, Wolska KI, et al. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid affect peptidoglycan metabolism in Listeria monocytogenes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2010;97(1):61–8.

18. Ghosh J, Sil PC. Arjunolic acid: a new multifunctional therapeutic promise of alternative medicine. Biochimie. 2013;95(6):1098–109.

19. Arun N, Ansari SH, Khatkar S. Arjunolic acid: a promising antioxidant moiety with diverse biological applications. Curr Org Chem. 2017;21(4):287–93.

20. Napiroon T, Bacher M, Balslev H, Tawaitakham K, Santimaleeworagun W, Vajrodaya S. Scopoletin from Lasianthus lucidus Blume (Rubiaceae): a potential antimicrobial against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2018;8(09):1–6.

21. Adamczak A, Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial activity of some flavonoids and organic acids widely distributed in plants. J Clin Med. 2020;9(109):1–17.

22. Saquib SA, Alqahtani NA, Ahmad I, Kader MA, Al Shahrani SS, Asiri EA. Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of herbal extracts in combination with antibiotics on Periodontal pathobionts: an in vitro microbiological study. Antibiotics. 2019;8(89):1–12.
Published
2023-10-16
How to Cite
NURHASANA, Devi et al. In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour's Methanol Extract and Its Combination with Commercial Drugs. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 179-185, oct. 2023. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1383>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1383.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 21 No 2 (2023): JIFI
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.