Determination of Flavonoid Content and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Extract and Fraction of Sungkai Leaf (Peronema canescens Jack)

  • Desi Nadya Aulena Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
  • Dwi Fitri Yani Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South of Sumatera , 30257 , Indonesia
  • Mariyamah Mariyamah Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South of Sumatera , 30257 , Indonesia
  • Muhammad Lufika Tondi Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South of Sumatera , 30257 , Indonesia
  • Muhammad Dandi Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South of Sumatera , 30257 , Indonesia
  • Hafis Kiki Wahyudin Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South of Sumatera , 30257 , Indonesia
  • Dany Raihan Faculty of UBC Vantage College, University of British Colombia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1437

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19, a feverish condition brought on by inflammation in the infected patient’s body. Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of the Indonesian people who rely on herbal remedies to treat COVID-19. This study aims to determine how much flavonoids are present in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, and n-hexane fraction of Sungkai leaves. The procedure was performed in-vitro with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer by observing the absorption response to inhibition of denaturation of inflammatory protein. The inhibition value was then computed via linear regression, and the IC50 and IC70 values were ascertained afterward. The ethanol fraction, ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction in this investigation had the best inhibition values (%) at a concentration of 15 ppm, corresponding to 74.27%, 54.48%, and 18.52%. The sungkai leaves ethanol fraction > n-hexane fraction > ethanol extract had the best IC50 and IC70 values. Comparatively, the ethanol extract contained the largest amounts of flavonoids, 38.782 μg/mL.

References

1. Hairunisa N, Amalia H. A review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan. 2020;3(2):90–100.

2. Wahyuni IS, Sufiawati I, Nittayananta W, Levita J. Anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing effect of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome on the chemical-induced oral mucosal ulcer in Wistar rats. Journal of Inflammation Research. 2022;15:2281-94.

3. Robert B, Brown EB. Pathophysiology: Clinical Concepts of Disease Processes. EGC Medical Book Publishers. 2004;(1):1–14.

4. Novika DS, Ahsanunnisa R, Yani DF. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Against Inhibition of Protein Denaturation. 2021;3(1):16–22.

5. Reynaldi, Yani DF. The Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Cocor Bebek Leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata L.) Against in vitro Protein Denaturation. Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia. 2021;3(1):12–21.

6. Fatahillah R, Fitriyani D, Wijayanti F. In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Extract and Fraction Seed Coat Kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc L.). Al-Kimia. 2022;10(1):42–50.

7. Jang M, Jeong SW, Cho SK, Ahn KS, Lee JH, Yang DC, Kim JC. Anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanolic extract of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in vitro and in vivo. J Med Food. 2014 Jun;17(6):678-85.

8. Sitepu NB. In Vitro Test of Antibacterial Ethanol Extract, n-Hexane Fraction and Ethyl acetate Fraction of Sungkai Leaf (Peronema cenescens) Against Salmonella typhi. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2020;8(3): 57-60.

9. Prasiwi D, Sundaryono A, Handayani A. The Activity of The Peronena canescens leaves ethanol extract fraction against Plasmodium berghei growth rate. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Kimia. 2018;2(1):25-32.

10. Masyita M, Sayekti E, Nurlina N. Flavonoid Compounds of the Catechin from Wungu (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) Leaves and the Sun Protecting Factor Value. Jurnal Akademi Kimia. 2022;11(1):31–8.

11. Kumari CS, Yasmin N, Hussain MR, Babuselvam M. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory And Anti-Arthritic Property Of Rhizopora Mucronata leaves. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR). 2015;6(3):482-85.

12. Farida Y, Rahmat D, Widia Amanda A. Anti-Inflammation Activity Test of Nanoparticles Ethanol Extract of Temulawak Rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 1264;16(2):225–30.

13. Yani DF, Sugita P, Syahbirin G. Phytochemicals and cytotoxicity of sausage fruit (Kigelia africana) extract against breast cancer cells MCF-7 in vitro. J Pharm Res. 2018;12(3):288–92.

14. Fitri Yani D, Dirmansyah R. Activity test of methanol and n-hexan fraction of coat and kernel seed (Caesalpinia bonduc l.) as a sun screen. Jurnal Sains Dasar. 2021;10(1):1–5.

15. Banu KS, Cathrine. General Technique Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science (IJARCS). 2015;2(4):25-32.

16. Ahmad AR, Saleh RH, Handayani V. Standardization And Characterization Of Essential Oil Of Patchouli Stem (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) By Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Method. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results. 2022; 13:4218-31.

17. Nurcholis W, Putri DNSB, Husnawati H, Aisyah SI, Priosoeryanto BP. Total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from accessions of Amomum compactum fruits. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 2021;66(1):58-62.

18. Desmiaty Y, Elya B, Saputri FC, Dewi I, Hanafi M. Effect of Extraction Method on Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Rubus fraxinifolius. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2019;17(2):227-31.

19. Tarigan IL, Aini IPS, Latief M. Isolation of a Flavone Apigenin and a Steroids Squalene from Peronema canescens Jack Leaves with Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2022;14(6):744-52.

20. Williams LAD, O’Connar A, Latore L, Dennis O, Ringer S, Whittaker JA, et al. The in vitro anti-denaturation
effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat-treated (Immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for detecting anti-inflammatory compounds without using animals. West Indian Med Journal. 2008;57(4):327–31.

21. Bailey-shaw Y a, Williams L a D, Green CE, Rodney S, Smith AM. In-vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of selected Jamaican plant extracts using the Bovine Serum albumin protein denaturation assay. International Journal of Pharmacy Science Rev Res. 2017;47(1):145–53.

22. Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam: An ethnomedicinal plant of Moringaceae family. South African J Bot. 2020;128:246–56.

23. Sari IP, Hariyanti H, Yanuar A, Hayun H. New decahydroacridine-1, 8-diones derived from 3-aminocyclohex-2-en-1-one: synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, in-vitro, and in-silico anti-inflammatory activity. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 2022;15(2):1241-48.

24. Koirewoa YA, Fatimawali, Wiyono WI. Isolation And Identification Flavonoid Compounds In Beluntas Leaf (Pluchea Indica L .). Jurnal Farmasi. 2012;47–52.

25. Latief M, Fisesa AT, Sari PM, Tarigan IL. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema Canescens Jack.) Ethanol Extract In Carrageenan Induced Mice. Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktek. 2021;7(2):144–53.

26. Ghumre SV. Assessment of In-vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynodon Dactylon and Acyclovir Showing Synergistic Effect by Albumin Denaturation and Membrane Stabilization Assay. Modul Approaches Drug Des. 2017;1(2):1–5.

27. Ali AM, El-Nour M, Mohammad O, Yagi SM. In vitro, anti-inflammatory activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome, callus and callus treated with some elicitors. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2019;13(10):227-35.
Published
2023-10-16
How to Cite
AULENA, Desi Nadya et al. Determination of Flavonoid Content and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Extract and Fraction of Sungkai Leaf (Peronema canescens Jack). JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 223-230, oct. 2023. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1437>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1437.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 21 No 2 (2023): JIFI
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.