Optimizing carrot extract serum (Daucus carota L.) for anti-aging: efficacy in moisturizing and pore size reduction using Box-Behnken design method
Abstract
Carrot extract (Daucus carota L.) contains various bioactive compounds, including vitamins A, B, and C, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, saponins, diterpenes, steroids, beta-carotene, phenols, terpenoids, and minerals, all of which possess antioxidant properties. These compounds are known to help slow down the aging process. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentrations of gelling and alkalizing agents, assess their interactions, and evaluate the anti-aging effects of the most effective serum formulation. The formulation was optimized using the Box–Behnken design with two key factors: Carbopol 940 concentration (0.5–1%) and triethanolamine (0.5–1%). The effects on pH, adhesion, and spreadability were evaluated. The best formulation was achieved with 0.837% Carbopol 940 and 0.855% triethanolamine, showing a pH error of 2.45%, adhesion error of 0.76%, and spreadability error of 1.01%, all within acceptable limits (errors < 10%). After four weeks of stability testing, the formulation remained stable, well-mixed, with a pH of 5.16, an adhesion time of 1.60 seconds, and spreadability of 6.73 cm, with no discomfort. The combination of Carbopol 940 and triethanolamine improved the physical properties, enhancing anti-aging effects compared to the base formula. The optimized serum increased skin moisture by 84.62%, reduced pore size by 64.71%, lightened spots by 62.79%, and reduced wrinkles by 67.50%. This indicates the optimized carrot extract serum is stable, safe, and effective as an anti-aging agent, making it a promising natural skincare product.
References
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[36] Aramo, Skin and hair diagnosis system. Sugnam : Aram Huvis Korea Ltd., 2012.
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[2] I. M. O. A. Parwata, Antioksidan. Bali : Universitas Udayana, 2016.
[3] N. A. Hakim, A. Arianto, and H. Bangun, “Formulasi dan evaluasi nanoemulsi dari extra virgin olive oil (minyak zaitun ekstra murni) sebagai anti-aging,” Talent. Conf. Ser. Trop. Med., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 397–403, 2018, doi: 10.32734/tm.v1i2.222.
[4] E. Kartika, Zulharmita, B. Chandra, and H. Rivai, “Phytochemical and pharmacological review of carrot (Daucus carota L.),” Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Med., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 75–82, 2021, doi: 10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i01.006.
[5] A. Marlina and G. S. Agustien, “Formulasi dan uji aktivitas antioksidan sediaan facemist ekstrak umbi wortel ( Daucus carota L ),” J. Mhs. Ilmu Kesehat., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 69–82, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.59841/jumkes.v1i4.255
[6] R. T. Sawiji et al., “Pengaruh variasi konsentrasi gelling agent (Xanthan Gum dan Carbopol) pada sediaan serum dengan bahan aktif retinoic acid,” Acta Holistica Pharm., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2024, doi: 10.62857/ahp.v6i1.157.
[7] D. Muliyawan and N. Suriana, A-Z Tentang Kosmetik. Jakarta : PT. Elex Media Komputindo, 2013.
[8] F. Shufyani, M. Andry, and R. E. Tarigan, “Formulasi sediaan krim lulur dari sari sortel (Daucus carota L.) sebagai anti aging,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1007–1025, 2023, doi: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.177.
[9] V. H. Lestari, “Optimasi dan formulasi sediaan serum ekstrak aquadest daun asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.),” in Skripsi, Semarang. Universitas Islam Sultan Agung., 2023.
[10] N. Hasyim, Faradiba, and A. Baharuddin, “Formulasi gel sari buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.),” Maj. Farm. dan Farmakol., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 5–9, 2011.
[11] R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, and M. E. Quinn, Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients. Sixth Edit ed., London. Pharmaceutical Press., 2009.
[12] F. K. Nursal, Y. C. Sumirtapura, T. Suciati, and R. E. Kartasasmita, “Optimasi nanoemulsi natrium askorbil fosfat melalui pendekatan design of experiment (Metode Box Behnken),” J. Sains Farm. dan Klin., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 228–236, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.6.3.228-236.2019
[13] R. Marjoni, Dasar-dasar fitokimia. Jakarta: Trans Info Media., 2016.
[14] S. D. Sarker, Z. Latif, and A. I. Gray, Natural products ısolation second edition. Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press, 2006.
[15] L. Nurdianti, M. Fathurohman, R. Prolina, F. Setiawan, A. Y. Aprillia, and A. Firmansya, “Pengembangan sediaan serum wajah ekstrak etanol daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) sebagai antioksidan,” Pharmacoscript, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 90–109, 2024.
[16] P. A. Setiawan, D. Rahmawanty, and D. I. Sari, “Formulasi dan evaluasi sifat fisik sediaan serum wajah ekstrak daun singkong ( Manihot esculenta ) dengan variasi konsentrasi xanthan gum,” J. Pharmascience, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 394–404, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v10i2.15214
[17] Y. D. Mardhiani, H. Yulianti, D. Azhary, and T. Rusdiana, “Formulasi dan stabiltas sediaan serum dari ekstrak kopi hijau (Coffe canephora) sebagai antioksidan,” Indones. Nat. Res. Pharm. J., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 19–33, 2018.
[18] F. N. Hikmah, S. Malahayati, and D. F. Nugraha, “Formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan serum gel ekstrak bunga melati (Jasminum sambac L.),” J. Pharm. Care Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 93–108, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33859/JPCS.V3I2.248
[19] B. Iskandar, H. C. Mei, T. W. Liu, H. M. Lin, and C. K. Lee, “Evaluating the effects of surfactant types on the properties and stability of oil-in-water rhodiola rosea nanoemulsion,” Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, vol. 234, no. 2024, pp. 1–12, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113692.
[20] R. I. H. Pratiwi, N. L. Arpiwi, and I. G. . S. Wahyuni, “Formulasi serum ekstrak buah malaka (Phyllanthus emblica) sebagai anti aging,” Metamorf. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 284–290, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p12
[21] Depkes RI, Farmakope Indonesia Edisi IV. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1995.
[22] T. Rahmavika, H. E. Murdiana, and E. A. Rawar, “formulasi dan uji antioksidan serum minyak atsiri kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) menggunakan vitamin E metode DPPH,” J. Farmamedika, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 209–219, 2023, doi: 10.47219/ath.v8i2.294.
[23] A. S. Nisa, S. Rezeki Nur Endah, and A. Nofriyaldi, “Stabilitas sediaan serum gel dari sarang burung walet putih (Aerodramus fuciphagus),” Perjuangan Nat. Pharm. Conf., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 249–256, 2024.
[24] A. Engelen, Sugiyono, and S. Budijanto, “Optimasi proses dan formula pada pengolahan mi sagu kering (Metroxylon sagu),” Agritech, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 359–367, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9319
[25] S. Z. Munawiroh, F. S. Handayani, and B. H. Nugroh, “Optimasi formulasi nanoemulsi minyak biji anggur energi tinggi dengan Box Behnken Design (BBD),” Maj. Farmasetika., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 93–99, 2019, doi: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v4i0.25864.
[26] M. J. Anderson, P. J. Whitcomb, S. L. Kraber, and W. Adams, Handbook for experimenters, vol. 11. Minneapolis, 2017.
[27] R. Voight, Buku pelajaran teknologi farmasi. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press., 1995.
[28] F. Tranggono, R.I., dan Latifah., Buku pegangan ılmu pengetahuan kosmetik. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2007.
[29] A. Martin, J. Swarbrick, and A. Cammarata, Farmasi fisik : dasar-dasar kimia fisik dalam ilmu farmasetika. Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia., 1993.
[30] L. W. Ariani and Wulandari, “Stabilitas fisik nanogel minyak zaitun (Olea europaeae L.),” J. Ilm. Cendekia Eksakta, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 101–108, 2022.
[31] R. Handayani, N. Qamariah, and J. Maretania, “Formulasi sediaan serum ekstrak etanol umbi hati tanah,” J. Farmasetis, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 227–236, 2023, doi: 10.32583/far.v12i2.1219.
[32] A. Garg, D. Aggarwal, S. Garg, and A. K. Singla, “Spreading of semisolid formulations an update,” Pharm. Technol., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 84–105, 2002.
[33] P. Rosani, M. S. Lubis, G. I. Dalimunthe, and R. Yuniarti, “Karakteristik fisik sediaan serum ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr),” J. Ilm. Pharm., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 137–146, 2023, doi: 10.52161/jiphar.v10i2.506.
[34] N. A. D. Purnamasari, G. O. Palupi, and Y. E. Saputra, “Formulasi dan evaluasi mutu fisik serum nanofitosom myricetin,” J. Ilm. Farm. Farmasyifa, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 85–92, 2023, doi: 10.29313/jiff.v6i1.10253.
[35] A. F. Tsabitah, A. K. Zulkarnain, M. S. H. Wahyuningsih, and D. A. A. Nugrahaningsih, “optimasi carbomer, propilen glikol, dan trietanolamin dalam formulasi sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia),” Maj. Farm., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 111–118, 2020, doi: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v16i2.45666.
[36] Aramo, Skin and hair diagnosis system. Sugnam : Aram Huvis Korea Ltd., 2012.
[37] A. O. Barel, M. Paye, and H. I. Maibach, handbook of cosmetic science and technology, Third Edition. New York: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., 2009.
[38] H. Meng et al., “Statistical analysis of age-related skin parameters,” Technol. Heal. Care, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. S65–S76, 2021, doi: 10.3233/THC-218007 IOS.
[39] A. O. Barel, M. Paye, and H. I. Maibach, Handbook of cosmetic science and technology fourth edition. new york: ınforma healthcare USA, Inc., 2014.
[40] S. Maimunah, Z. Nasution, and Amila, “Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun Urtica dioica L. sebagai anti-aging alami dalam sediaan krim,” J. Penelit. Saintek, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 124–134, 2020, doi: 10.21831/jps.v25i2.34296.
[41] S. Bielfeldt, G. Springmann, M. Seise, K. P. Wilhelm, and T. Callaghan, “An updated review of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin – new perspectives and evaluation for claims support,” Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., vol.
40, no. 4, pp. 348–355, 2018, doi: 10.1111/ics.12484.
[42] R. Sofiana, A. A. G. P. Wiraguna, and W. Pangkahila, “Krim ekstrak etanol biji mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) sama efektifnya dengan krim hidrokuinon dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipapar Sinar Ultraviolet B,” J. e-Biomedik, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2017.
[43] G. Sahu, S. Sahu, H. Sharma, and A. Kumar Jha, “International journal of pharmaceutical, chemical and biological sciences a review of current and novel trends for anti-ageing formulation,” Ijpcbs, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 118–125, 2015, [Online]. Available: www.ijpcbs.com
[44] S. Ramadhani, I. N. E. Lister, and E. Fachrial, “antiaging cream formula from lemongrass leaf extract (Chymbopogon Citratus),” Int. J. Heal. Pharm., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 225–230, 2024, doi: 10.51601/ijhp.v4i2.259.
[45] C. N. S. Damanik, “Formulasi dan uji aktivitas krim ekstrak buah balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) sebagai anti-aging kulit,” in Skripsi, Medan. Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2018.
Published
2025-11-18
How to Cite
ISKANDAR, Benni et al.
Optimizing carrot extract serum (Daucus carota L.) for anti-aging: efficacy in moisturizing and pore size reduction using Box-Behnken design method.
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 2, p. 250-267, nov. 2025.
ISSN 2614-6495.
Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1566>. Date accessed: 08 dec. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i2.1566.
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