Formulation of a peel-off gel mask containing mundu fruit extract (Garcinia dulcis (roxb.) kurz) for antioxidant and anti-elastase activity

  • Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati Departement of Cosmetology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Pulogadung, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-631X
  • Yesi Desmiaty Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
  • Amelia Chandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
  • Yuslia Noviani Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
  • Yulia Triyani Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, 13460, Indonesia
  • Ratu Mayra Hakim Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, 13460, Indonesia
  • Reistha Fazlia Amanda Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
  • Dion Wahyudi Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i1.1607

Abstract

The skin serves as a protective barrier against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, exposure to UV radiation can lead to various skin problems, including changes in the dermis. To prevent UV-induced damage, antioxidants and anti-elastase agents are needed to protect the skin from oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-elastase activities of Mundu fruit extract (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz) and to formulate a peel-off gel mask using the concentrated extract. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the FRAP and ABTS methods, while anti-elastase activity was determined by measuring the release of p-nitroaniline from a substrate degraded by the elastase enzyme. The results showed that the IC50 value for antioxidant activity using the ABTS method is 29.57 ppm  0.72, and the FRAP value was 185.02  10.23 AAE/g. The anti-elastase activity showed IC50  of 82.21 ppm. Three peel-off gel mask formulations were developed, with Formula 3 (containing extract at 200 x IC50). showing the best performance. These findings suggest that the thick Mundu fruit extract, which tested positive for phenolic compounds, exhibits promising antioxidant and anti-elastase activities and is suitable for use in topical formulations.

References

[1] Heinz, Andrea. Elastases and elastokines: elastin degradation and its significance in health and disease. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology, 2020, 55.3: 252-273.

[2] G. I. Natanael, G. F. Simorangkir, N. P. Purba, P. B. T. Mardiana, A. Amansyah, and A. N. Nasution, “Potensi Antioksidan dan Anti-Elastase Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Terhadap Antiaging,” Jurnal Keperawatan Prior, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 69–76, 2021.

[3] J. M. Abdo, N. A. Sopko, and S. M. Milner, “The applied anatomy of human skin: A model for regeneration,” Wound Medicine, vol. 28, no. 100179, pp. 1–10, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.wndm.2020.100179.

[4] N. I. Ghazali, R. Z. Mohd Rais, S. Makpol, K. Y. Chin, W. N. Yap, and J. A. Goon, “Effects of tocotrienol on aging skin: A systematic review,” FrontierPharmacology, pp. 1–12, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1006198.

[5] M. J. Calvo et al., “Antioxidants in Photoaging: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 25, no. 4, 2024, doi: 10.3390/ijms25042403.

[6] E. C. Novalinda Ginting and L. Chiuman, “Perbandingan Potensi Antioksidan Pemerangkapan No Dan Oh Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Dengan Senyawa Kaempferol,” Jurnal Ilmu METADATA, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 93–99, 2020, doi: 10.47652/metadata.v2i2.23.

[7] Kumar, Virender, et al. Antioxidants for Skin Health. Recent Advances in Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2024.

[8] Amin Hussen, Narmin Hama, et al. Role of antioxidants in skin aging and the molecular mechanism of ROS: A comprehensive review. Aspects of Molecular Medicine, 2025, 100063.

[9] Limsuwan, Surasak, et al. Exploring Antioxidant Properties of Standardized Extracts from Medicinal Plants Approved by the Thai FDA for Dietary Supplementation. Nutrients, 2025, 17.5: 898.

[10] Widodo WR, Arya N, Suardana IK. Effect of maceration time on the antioxidant activity of Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz leaf extract. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA). 2021;10(2):237–43.

[11] T. Hussain, D. H. Kalhoro, and Y. Yin, “Identification of nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of fruit peels as a potential source of nutraceuticals,” Frontier Nutrition., vol. 9, no. February, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1065698.

[12] N. S. S. Ambarwati et al., “Serum Antiaging Berbasis Bahan Lokal,” no. 7. Jakarta, pp. 1–85, 2022.

[13] R. Prastiwi, B. Elya, M. Hanafi, Y. Desmiaty, and R. Sauriasari, “The Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia stipulata Korth Woods and Leaves by FRAP Method,” Pharmacognosy Journal., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 236–239, 2020, doi: 10.5530/pj.2020.12.36.

[14] E. K. Sari, I. Ariska, and K. Putri, “Uji Stabilitas Formulasi Masker Gel Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L),” Jurnal Sains Dasar, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27–37, 2023.

[15] K. Kesehatan, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II, II. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2017. doi: 10.2307/jj.2430657.12.

[16] Y. P. Utami, A. H. Umar, R. Syahruni, and I. Kadullah, “Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae Teisjm. & Binn.),” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 32–39, 2017.

[17] P. Saranraj, S. S. Behera, and R. C. Ray, Traditional Foods From Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Innovations and Challenges. Woodhead, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814887-7.00007-1.

[18] A. Tri, K. Pratita, N. R. Aisy, A. Wardani, and M. Fathurohman, “Isolasi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Menggunakan Metode ABTS (2,2 Azinobis (3-Ethylbenzotiazolin) 6 Sulfonat) Senyawa Superoksida Dismutase pada Mikroalga Chlorrela vulgaris,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Diseminasi, 2022, vol. 2, pp. 177–184.

[19] N. Herlina Nasir and J. Pusmarani, “Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanolik Daging Buah Semangka (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) dengan Metode ABTS dan FRAP,” Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indones., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 223–235, 2021, [Online]. Available: www.jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpi

[20] Nurhayati, Nuning; Qonitah, Fadilah; Ahwan, Ahwan. Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi N-Heksan Dan Fraksi Kloroform Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC) Dengan Metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 2022, 3.1: 84-87.

[21] Andres, Celia María Curieses, et al. Polyphenols as antioxidant/pro-oxidant compounds and donors of reducing species: Relationship with human antioxidant metabolism. Processes, 2023, 11.9: 2771.

[22] Wulandari D, Pratiwi D, Rahmadani R. Formulation and evaluation of peel-off gel mask using natural ingredients. J Cosmet Sci. 2021;72(4):245–53.

[23] Suhery, Wira Noviana, et al. Pembuatan dan evaluasi masker gel peel-off ekstrak bekatul padi ketan merah (Oryza sativa L var. Glutinosa) menggunakan gelling agent polivinil alkohol (PVA). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 2023, 246-254.

[24] N. Ain Thomas, R. Tungadi, D. R. Putri Papeo, A. Makkulawu, and Y. S. Manoppo, “Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim,” Indones. J. Pharm. Educ., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 143–152, 2022, doi: 10.37311/ijpe.v2i2.13532.

[25] V. Rosari, N. Fitriani, and F. Prasetya, “Optimasi Basis Gel dan Evaluasi Sediaan Gel Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam (Piper betle L. Var Nigra),” in Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 2021, pp. 204–212.
Published
2025-04-30
How to Cite
AMBARWATI, Neneng Siti Silfi et al. Formulation of a peel-off gel mask containing mundu fruit extract (Garcinia dulcis (roxb.) kurz) for antioxidant and anti-elastase activity. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 1, p. 58-66, apr. 2025. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1607>. Date accessed: 24 may 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i1.1607.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 23 No 1 (2025): JIFI In press
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.