The utilization of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in nanoemulsion as an antioxidant
Abstract
The red dragon fruit plant (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains bioactive substances, one of which functions as an antioxidant from anthocyanin and betacyanin. The Dragon Fruit Peel (DFP) has not been widely used by the community in the health sector, and it is only becomes waste. The preparation of nanoemulsion aims to increase the low antioxidant activity of dragon fruit peels. The preparation of DFP nanoemulsion using 8% Tween 80 as emulsifier, 1% oleic acid, and 2% transcutol, with variations in extract concentrations of 1% and 2%. The globule size is reduced to nanoemulsion using a sonicator bath for 60 minutes. The testing of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the DFP extract nanoemulsion had a transparent yellow color with a globule size and Polidispersity Index (PI) of 165±5.54 nm (PI=0.2±0.03) and 115±3.46 nm (PI=0.3±0.02) at an extract concentration of 1 % and 2%. The globule morphology using TEM shows a spherical shape. The results of the pH test showed a range of 4.5-5.3. In testing the antioxidant activity, the DFP extract nanoemulsion showed an increase in IC50 values at 1% and 2% extract concentrations, namely 85.39±4.69 and 64.46±3.45, compared to the extract without formula (pure extract), namely 167.34±8.98. The DFP nanoemulsion preparations produced globule sizes in the nano range, and antioxidant activity testing showed an increase in the IC50 value of 2 concentrations compared to conventional extracts (p<0.05).
References
[2] K. Y. S. Ni, “Morphological structure of flowers and pollen grain anatomy of super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis),” J. Media Sains, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 71–76, 2017.
[3] D. Haveni, Mastura, dan R. P. Sari, “Ethanol extract of super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) peel as an antioxidant using the DPPH method,” Katalis J. Pendidik. Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 30–37, 2019.
[4] S. Q. Putridhika, D. Ratnasari, dan V. A. Gatera, “Antioxidant activity test of lip balm preparation from red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus),” J. Pendidik. dan Konseling, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 5845–5851, 2022.
[5] T. Aryani dan I. A. U. Mu’awanah, “Antioxidant activity and vitamin C content of fruit flesh and syrup of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis),” Biomedika, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 149–157, 2019.
[6] W. Utami, E. Mardawati, dan P. H., “Antioxidant activity testing of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a peel-off gel mask,” J. Industri Pertanian, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 95–102, 2020.
[7] D. Thassu, M. Deleers, dan Y. Pathak, Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007.
[8] S. V. R. Rao dan J. Shao, “Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of protein drug: formulation development,” Int. J. Pharm., vol. 362, pp. 2–9, 2008.
[9] A. U. Kyatanwar, K. R. Jadhav, dan V. J. Kadam, “Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS): review,” J. Pharm. Res., vol. 3, no. 83, pp. 75–83, 2010.
[10] F. Shahidi dan Y. Zhong, “Measurement of antioxidant activity,” J. Funct. Foods, vol. 18, pp. 757–781, 2015.
[11] Widyastuti, “Formulation of topical preparation of dragon fruit peel extract,” J. Iptek Terapan, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 20–33, 2017.
[12] T. Suciati, A. Aliyandi, dan Satrialdi, “Development of transdermal nanoemulsion formulation for simultaneous delivery of protein vaccine and artin-M adjuvant,” Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 536–546, 2014.
[13] W. A. Ningrum, Y. W. Permadi, F. F. Himmah, dan F. Ulfa, “Evaluation of lotion preparation containing nanoparticle extract of terong belanda as an antioxidant,” J. Media Sains, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 99–104, 2021
[14] I. Fidrianny, N. A. S. Anggraeni, dan M. Insanu, “Antioxidant properties of peels extracts from three varieties of banana (Musa sp.) grown in west java-Indonesia,” Int. Food Res. J., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 57–64, 2016.
[15] M. D. Y. Ambarita, E. S. Bayu, dan H. Setiado, “Identification of morphological characteristic of banana (Musa spp.) in Deli Serdang district,” J. Agroekoteknologi, vol. 4, no. 586, pp. 1911–1924, 2015.
[16] N. S. Mathew dan P. S. Negi, “Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of wild banana (Musa acuminata Colla): A Review,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 10, p. 10605, 2016.
[17] M. Jaiswal, R. Dudhe, dan P. K. Sharma, “Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system,” Biotech, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 123–127, 2015.
[18] G. Zhang et al., “Enhanced stability of vitamin a palmitate microencapsulated by gamma-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks,” J. Microencapsulation, vol. 35, pp. 249–258, 2018.
[19] E. Agustin, M. Insanu, dan R. Mauludin, “Improvement in pharmacological activity of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Schef. Boerl)) seed extracts in nanoemulsion dosage form: in vitro and in vivo studies,”
Pharm. Nanotechnol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 90–97, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738511666230602100045
[20] I. Fidrianny, Y. Johan, dan Sukrasno, “Antioxidant activities of different polarity extracts from three organs of makrut lime (Citrus hystrix DC) and correlation with total flavonoid, phenolic, carotenoid content,” Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 239–243, 2015.
[21] G. Chhabra, K. Chuttani, A. K. Mishra, dan K. Pathak, “Design and development of nanoemulsion drug delivery system of amlodipine besilate for improvement of oral bioavailability,” Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 907–916, 2011.
[22] S. A. Devi, “Aging brain: prevention of oxidative stress by vitamin E and exercise,” Sci. World J., vol. 9, pp. 366–372, 2009.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.
This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :
- SHARE:
copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format - ADAPT:
remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication) - ALIKE:
If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
It does however mean that when you use it you must:
- ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
You may not:
- NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Tools
