Effectiveness of Artocarpus heterophyllus lamk. serum in eliminating dark spot in the guinea pig melasma model due to UV-a exposure

  • Ida Ayu Dwi Putri Mas Tiari Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali, 80233, Indonesia
  • Ni Putu Kania Mardiyanti Putri Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali, 80233, Indonesia
  • Ni Luh Setia Marliani Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali, 80233, Indonesia
  • Ni Made Elma Agustini Sari Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali, 80233, Indonesia
  • Julia Eva Malelak Departement of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Denpasar, Bali, 80233, Indonesia
  • Ketut Agus Adrianta Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali, 80233, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i1.1639

Abstract

Indonesia's high UV-A exposure significantly contributes to skin hyperpigmentation conditions such as melasma. This study investigated the effectiveness of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.)  leaf serum in reducing dark spots in a guinea pig model of melasma induced by UV-A radiation. Crude extracts were prepared and purified from Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.)  leaves, then formulated into serums at 4% and 5% concentrations. These formulations underwent physical quality evaluations, including organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, spread ability, adhesion, and viscosity. Anti-hyperpigmentation effects were assessed using Masson Fontana staining on UV-A-exposed guinea pigs treated for 14 days. The results demonstrated a reduction in melanin content, with mean values of 17.97±1.68 (negative control), 1.17±0.28 (positive control), 3.56±2.77 (4% serum), and 2.56±1.25 (5% serum). Histological analysis showed that fibroblast proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia were significantly reduced with serum treatment. These effects are attributed to the flavonoid content in Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.)  leaves, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis properties. In conclusion, Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.)  leaf serum, particularly at 5% concentration, is effective in reducing melasma-related hyperpigmentation and may offer a safer alternative to synthetic treatments.

References

[1] E. F. Mumtazah and Salsabila, “Machine Translated by Google PENGETAHUAN TENTANG Tabir Surya DAN
BAHAYA Machine Translated by Google,” vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 63–68, 2020.

[2] I. O. Putranti and Y. Sistina, “Tinjauan Pustaka: Fotobiologi Ultraviolet Pada Jaringan Kulit,” Mandala Heal., vol. 16, no. 1, p. 33, 2023, doi: 10.20884/1.mandala.2023.16.1.8379.

[3] P. Minerva, “Penggunaan Tabir Surya Bagi Kesehatan Kulit,” J. Pendidik. Dan Kel., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 87, 2019, doi: 10.24036/jpk/vol11-iss1/619.

[4] I. G. N. A. Asbita, I. G. A. A. E. Indira, K. K. Winaya, L. M. M. Rusyati, N. Suryawati, and N. M. D. Puspawati, “Kadar 4-hidroksinonenal pada melasma lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat keparahan melasma,” Intisari Sains Medis, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 339–345, 2023, doi: 10.15562/ism.v14i1.1622.

[5] N. M. A. Purwaningrum, S. A. A. Suryantari, and N. L. P. R. V. Karna, “Efektivitas Terapi Sistemik Dan Topikal
Dalam Pengobatan Melasma,” Gema Kesehat., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 88–98, 2020, doi: 10.47539/gk.v12i2.136.

[6] M. Oktaviana and S. W. Yenny, “Perkembangan Penggunaan Kosmeseutikal Herbal Pada Terapi Melasma,” J. Kesehat. Andalas, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 717, 2019, doi: 10.25077/jka.v8i3.1061.

[7] K. A. Adrianta and I. M. A. Sunadi Putra, “Utilization of Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk. As UV Protector In mice exposed to UV-B,” Maj. Obat Tradis., vol. 23, no. 3, p. 112, 2018, doi: 10.22146/mot.37407.

[8] H. Hidayah, A. H. Kusumawati, S. Sahevtiyani, and S. Amal, “Literature Review Article: Aktivitas Antioksidan Formulasi Serum Wajah Dari Berbagai Tanaman,” J. Pharmacopolium, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 75–80, 2021, doi: 10.36465/jop.v4i2.739.

[9] H. Abadi, V. E. Vivi Eulis Diana, J. Tarigan, T. N. Khairani, and T. Sundari, “Efektivitas Anti Jerawat Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam.) Terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes.,” J. Ilm. Manuntung, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 66–72, 2021.

[10] B. H. Al Huda, H. Susanti, and N. Sugihartini, “The Purification effect on Organoleptic Profile, Yield, Total Phenol and Total Flavonoids from 96% Ethanol Extract of Moringa (Moringa oleifera. L) leaves.,” J. Farm. Indones., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 188–198, 2020, doi: 10.31001/jfi.v17i2.983.

[11] M. Angelina, P. Amelia, M. Irsyad, L. Meilawati, and M. Hanafi, “Karakterisasi Ekstrak Etanol Herba
Katumpangan Air (Peperomia pellucida L . Kunth),” Biopropal Ind., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 53–61, 2015.

[12] A. Y. Kurniawati, “Karakteristik Sediaan Serum Wajah dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Sari Rimpang Temu Giring (Curcuma heyneana) Terfermentasi Lactobacillus bulgaricus,” Akad. Farm. Putra Indones. Malang, p. Akad. Farm. Putra Indones. Malang, 2018.

[13] D. Simorangkir and N. Irmayanti, “FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SERUM WAJAH EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI DARI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantiifolia) DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus),” J. Penelit. Farm. Herb., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 40–53, 2024, doi: 10.36656/jpfh.v6i2.1707.

[14] R. Handayani and N. Qa,ariah, “Formulasi Sediaan Serum Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Hati Tanah,” J. Farmasetis, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 227–236, 2023, doi: 10.32583/far.v12i2.1219.

[15] N. Fitria and A. Padua Ratu, “KARAKTERISTIK DAN STABILITAS SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK BUAH KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI,” J. Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17–27, 2022, doi: 10.47219/ath.v7i1.140.

[16] H. Mawardika, D. Wahyuni, and S. Ma’rifatul Khasanah, “Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi Antibacterial Potency of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Leaf Extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Against Salmonella typhi,” J. Farm. Indones., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 195–204, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/pharmacon

[17] R. O. Umboro, D. E. B. S, and N. K. W. Yanti, “UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANT (IC50) DAN TOKSISITAS AKUT (LD50) FRAKSI ETANOL DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam.),” JUPE J. Pendidik. Mandala, vol. 5, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.58258/jupe.v5i6.2349.

[18] N. I. E. Jayani and H. O. Handojo, “STANDARISASI SIMPLISIA DAUN TEMPUYUNG (SONCHI FOLIUM) HASIL BUDIDAYA di UBAYA TRAINING CENTER TRAWAS MOJOKERTO,” J. Pharm. Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 68–79, 2021, doi: 10.30649/pst.v1i1.59.

[19] N. Pratiwi, T. P. Rahayu, and N. Z. W. Kiromah, “UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK AKUADES DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) SEBAGAI ANALGETIK PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ASAM ASETAT,” Prosiding, vol. 14, pp. 899–909, 2021.

[20] N. Hasanah and D. R. Novian, “Analisis Ekstrak Etanol Buah Labu Kuning (Cucurbita Moschata D.),”
Parapemikir J. Ilm. Farm., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 54, 2020, doi: 10.30591/pjif.v9i1.1758.

[21] I. Indarto, W. Narulita, B. S. Anggoro, and A. Novitasari, “Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Binahong Terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes,” Biosf. J. Tadris Biol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 67–78, 2019, doi: 10.24042/biosfer.v10i1.4102.

[22] Z. Khaira, E. Monica, and C. D. Yoedistira, “FORMULASI DAN UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN SERUM MIKROEMULSI EKSTRAK BIJI MELINJO Gnteum gnemon L,” Sainsbertek J. Ilm. Sains Teknol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 299–309, 2022, doi: 10.33479/sb.v3i1.197.

[23] P. Puspitasari, A. Wiraguna, and W. Pangkahila, “Krim ekstrak teh hijau 20% (Camellia sinensis) mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin sama efektif dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipajan sinar ultraviolet B,” J. Biomedik, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 101–106, 2017, doi: 10.35790/jbm.9.2.2017.16358.

[24] M. Fan, H. Ding, G. Zhang, X. Hu, and D. Gong, “Relationships of dietary flavonoid structure with its tyrosinase
inhibitory activity and affinity,” Lwt, vol. 107, pp. 25–34, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.076.

[25] D. Susiloningrum and D. E. Mugita Sari, “Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Temu Mangga ( Curcuma Mangga Valeton & Zijp ) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pelarut,” Cendekia J. Pharm., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 117–127, 2021, doi: 10.31596/cjp.v5i2.148.
Published
2025-04-30
How to Cite
MAS TIARI, Ida Ayu Dwi Putri et al. Effectiveness of Artocarpus heterophyllus lamk. serum in eliminating dark spot in the guinea pig melasma model due to UV-a exposure. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 1, p. 111-122, apr. 2025. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1639>. Date accessed: 04 july 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i1.1639.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 23 No 1 (2025): JIFI
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.