Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) in topical preparations: a narrative review of components, manufacturing methods, characteristics and activities
Abstract
Nanostructured Lipid Carries NLCs have gained attention in formulation science and nanotechnology due to their biocompatible material and ability to enhance skin penetration. The goal is to create products that can effectively deliver active compounds to desired skin layers with minimal side effects. This review focuses on the use of functionalized NLCs in dermocosmetics, specifically looking at their composition, manufacturing method, characteristics, and role in delivering active compounds. The review obtained articles from databases such as Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, covering the years 2014-2024. Data search was conducted in May 2024. The search used keywords such as "NLC OR formulation OR dermal OR activity”. By considering factors such as NLC composition, manufacturing method, and impact on compound delivery, researchers aim to optimize NLCs for use in topical preparations. This research contributes to the development of dermocosmetics that can address various skin problems more effectively. The search results from 32 articles gave an overview of the widely used NLC components: solid lipids: glycerol monostearate, compitrol 888 ATO, and tristearin; liquid lipids: myglyol, transcutol, and oleic acid; surfactants: poysorbat 80 and polysorbate 20. The widely used methods were ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization. Frequently performed characterizations include particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and Entrapment Efficiency (EE). The pharmacological activity of active components loaded into NLCs increased than without NLCs. The active ingredient formulated in NLC can produce better activity compared to the active substance formulated directly in the conventional preparation. The application of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) nanoparticles on the skin is very beneficial. These nano systems have shown promising results and more commercial formulations, so it is expected to be done in further research.
References
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[2] V.-A. Duong, T.-T.-L. Nguyen, and H.-J. Maeng, “Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Drug Delivery and the Effects of Preparation Parameters of Solvent Injection Method,” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 20, p. 4781, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.3390/molecules25204781.
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[4] V. R. Salvi and P. Pawar, “Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) system: A novel drug targeting carrier,” J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, vol. 51, pp. 255–267, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.017.
[5] S. Shidhaye, R. Vaidya, S. Sutar, A. Patwardhan, and V. Kadam, “Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers – Innovative Generations of Solid Lipid Carriers,” Curr Drug Deliv, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 324–331, Oct. 2008, doi: 10.2174/156720108785915087.
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[7] Y. G. Na et al., “Development and evaluation of a film-forming system hybridized with econazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced antifungal activity against dermatophytes,” Acta Biomater, vol. 101, pp. 507–518, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.024.
[8] M. Qureshi et al., “Berberine loaded dermal quality by design adapted chemically engineered lipid nano-constructs-gel formulation for the treatment of skin acne,” J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, vol. 66, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102805.
[9] Z. Zhao et al., “Development and evaluation studies of Corylin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers gel for topical treatment of UV-induced skin aging,” Exp Gerontol, vol. 153, p. 111499, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111499.
[10] C. Carbone et al., “Clotrimazole-loaded mediterranean essential oils NLC: A synergic treatment of Candida skin infections,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 11, no. 5, May 2019, doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050231.
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[13] P. Riangjanapatee et al., “Development of Tea Seed Oil Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and In Vitro Studies on Their Applications in Inducing Human Hair Growth,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 14, no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.3390/
pharmaceutics14050984.
[14] S. Singh Hallan et al., “Ellagic Acid Containing Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Application: A Preliminary Study,” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 6, p. 1449, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.3390/molecules25061449.
[15] C. Folle et al., “Gel-Dispersed Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Loading Thymol Designed for Dermal Pathologies,” Int J Nanomedicine, vol. Volume 19, pp. 1225–1248, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.2147/IJN.S433686.
[16] R. Calderon‐jacinto, P. Matricardi, V. Gueguen, G. Pavon‐djavid, E. Pauthe, and V. Rodriguez‐ruiz, “Dual Nanostructured Lipid Carriers/Hydrogel System for Delivery of Curcumin for Topical Skin Applications,” Biomolecules, vol. 12, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.3390/biom12060780.
[17] M.-H. Kim et al., “Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhancing the Physicochemical Stability and Topical Skin Delivery of Orobol,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 845, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090845.
[18] S. Wairkar, D. Patel, and A. Singh, “Nanostructured lipid carrier based dermal gel of cyclosporine for atopic dermatitis-in vitro and in vivo evaluation,” J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, vol. 72, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103365.
[19] A. Czajkowska-Kośnik et al., “Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Engineered as Topical Delivery of Etodolac: Optimization and Cytotoxicity Studies,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 596, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/ma14030596.
[20] G. Amasya, B. Aksu, U. Badilli, A. Onay-Besikci, and N. Tarimci, “QbD guided early pharmaceutical development study: Production of lipid nanoparticles by high pressure homogenization for skin cancer treatment,” Int J Pharm, vol. 563, pp. 110–121, May 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.056.
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[22] R. Kamel and D. M. Mostafa, “Rutin nanostructured lipid cosmeceutical preparation with sun protective potential,” J Photochem Photobiol B, vol. 153, pp. 59–66, Dec. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.002.
[23] M. Imran et al., “Topical nanostructured lipid carrier gel of quercetin and resveratrol: Formulation, optimization, in vitro and ex vivo study for the treatment of skin cancer,” Int J Pharm, vol. 587, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119705.
[24] M. F. Pinto, C. C. Moura, C. Nunes, M. A. Segundo, S. A. Costa Lima, and S. Reis, “A new topical formulation for psoriasis: Development of methotrexate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers,” Int J Pharm, vol. 477, no. 1–2, pp. 519–526, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.067.
[25] V. Avasatthi, H. Pawar, C. P. Dora, P. Bansod, M. S. Gill, and S. Suresh, “A novel nanogel formulation of methotrexate for topical treatment of psoriasis: optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation,” Pharm Dev Technol, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 554–562, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1026605.
[26] K. Khezri, M. Saeedi, K. Morteza-Semnani, J. Akbari, and A. Hedayatizadeh-Omran, “A promising and
effective platform for delivering hydrophilic depigmenting agents in the treatment of cutaneous hyperpigmentation: kojic acid nanostructured lipid carrier,” Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 38–47, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1865993.
[27] A. Jain et al., “A synergistic approach of adapalene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, and vitamin C co-administration for treating acne,” Drug Dev Ind Pharm, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 897–905, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1104343.
[28] N. Hasan et al., “Advanced multifunctional nano-lipid carrier loaded gel for targeted delivery of 5-flurouracil and cannabidiol against non-melanoma skin cancer,” Environ Res, vol. 233, p. 116454, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116454.
[29] H.-J. Lee, M. Jeong, Y.-G. Na, S.-J. Kim, H.-K. Lee, and C.-W. Cho, “An EGF- and Curcumin-Co-Encapsulated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Accelerates Chronic-Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats,” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 20, p. 4610, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.3390/molecules25204610.
[30] N. A. El-Sheridy, A. A. Ramadan, A. A. Eid, and L. K. El-Khordagui, “Itraconazole lipid nanocapsules gel for dermatological applications: In vitro characteristics and treatment of induced cutaneous candidiasis,” Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, vol. 181, pp. 623–631, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.057.
[31] M. Ghazwani, U. Hani, M. H. Alqarni, and A. Alam, “Beta Caryophyllene-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Management of Skin Disorders: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro and Dermatokinetic Evaluation,” Gels, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 550, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/gels9070550.
[32] D. P. C. de Barros, P. Reed, M. Alves, R. Santos, and A. Oliva, “Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Activity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Applications Are Affected by Type of Oils Used in Their Composition,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 1950, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111950.
[33] B. Morakul, V. B. Junyaprasert, K. Sakchaisri, and V. Teeranachaideekul, “Cannabidiol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for Dermal Delivery: Enhancement of Photostability, Cell Viability, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 15, no. 2, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020537.
[34] U. Nagaich and N. Gulati, “Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) based controlled release topical gel of clobetasol propionate: design and in vivo characterization,” Drug Deliv Transl Res, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 289–298, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13346-016-0291-1.
[35] O. M. Elkhateeb, M. E. I. Badawy, A. E. Noreldin, H. M. Abou-Ahmed, M. H. El-Kammar, and H. A. Elkhenany,
“Comparative evaluation of propolis nanostructured lipid carriers and its crude extract for antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, and skin regeneration potential,” BMC Complement Med Ther, vol. 22, no. 1, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03737-4.
[36] V. K. Rapalli et al., “Curcumin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced skin retained topical delivery: optimization, scale-up, in-vitro characterization and assessment of ex-vivo skin deposition,” European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 152, p. 105438, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105438.
[37] M. Pradhan, D. Singh, S. N. Murthy, and M. R. Singh, “Corrigendum to ‘Design, characterization and skin permeating potential of Fluocinolone acetonide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis’ [Steroids 101 (2015) 56–63],” Steroids, vol. 106, p. 93, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.02.002.
[38] D. Rawat, C. B. Tripathi, P. Parashar, M. Singh, G. Kaithwas, and S. A. Saraf, “Development and
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Published
2025-04-30
How to Cite
RIZIKIYAN, Yayan; SUGIHARTINI, Nining; RAIS, Ichwan Ridwan.
Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) in topical preparations: a narrative review of components, manufacturing methods, characteristics and activities.
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 1, p. 138-156, apr. 2025.
ISSN 2614-6495.
Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1643>. Date accessed: 28 may 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i1.1643.
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