Gastroprotective effect test of ekor naga leaves extract (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) on male white rats
Abstract
Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves are one of the herbal plants that have pharmacological effects. Previous research has shown that ekor naga leaves contain secondary metabolites with tonic pharmacological effects, including the ability to heal cut wounds, as well as antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic properties. This research aims to demonstrate the potential of ekor naga leaf extract as a gastroprotective agent. The extract was evaluated using standard methods, including determination of water content, ash content, phytochemical screening, and compound identification by LC-MS. Gastroprotective testing was carried out by dividing the treatment group into six groups, including the Group 1: normal group, Group 2: negative control (Sodium CMC 0.5%), Group 3: positive control (Sucralfate), Group 4: 125mg/KgBW extract, Group 5: 250 mg/KgBW extract, and Group 6: 500mg/KgBW extract. The results of the observations were in the form of gastric ulcer severity scores and histological images of the gastric organs. Gastroprotective testing revealed significant differences between the treatment groups and the negative control group (p<0.05). The 500 mg/kgBW extract exhibited the most effective gastroprotective effect, with a 42.5% inhibition rate and minimal inflammation observed both macroscopically and microscopically. These results suggest that ethanol extract from ekor naga leaves may serve as an alternative or complementary therapy for gastritis.
References
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[33] J. Pasaribu, L. Loho, and P. Lintong, “GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI LAMBUNG TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIBERIKAN LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga Willd) SETELAH DIINDUKSI OLEH ASAM MEFENAMAT,” Jurnal e-Biomedik, vol. 1, no. 1, 2013, doi: 10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4570.
[34] N. Maria, K. Berata, Ma. Kardena, and Samsuri, “Studi Histopatologis Lambung Tikus Putih yang Diberi Parasetamol dan Suplementasi Propolis,” Buletin Veteriner Udayana, vol. 9, no. 1, 2017.
[35] S. Sumbul, M. A. Ahmad, M. Asif, and M. Akhtar, “Role of phenolic compounds in peptic ulcer: An overview,” 2011. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.84437.
[2] C. Xue, K. Withowski, A. St. Pierre, and K. Epstein, “Gastric ulcer disease,” in Comparative Veterinary Anatomy, 2022. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91015-6.00153-9.
[3] R. Pertiwi and H. M. Saputra, “pengaruh perasan umbi bengkuang (pachyrhizus erosus l.) terhadap gambaran histopatologi lambung mencit (Mus musculus L.) dengan model tukak lambung,” JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, vol. 5, no. 2, 2019, doi: 10.20473/jfiki.v5i22018.56-61.
[4] R. T. Kavitt, A. M. Lipowska, A. Anyane-Yeboa, and I. M. Gralnek, “Diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer
disease,” 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.12.009.
[5] P. K. Singh and T. S. Easwari, “Natural medicines as gastro-protective therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcer: a multifaceted approach,” Curr Nutr Food Sci, vol. 18, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.2174/1573401318666220304150152.
[6] W. P. Bi, H. Bin Man, and M. Q. Man, “Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines in treating gastric ulcer: A review,” 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17020.
[7] A. P. Zahra and N. Carolia, “Obat anti-inflamasi non-steroid (oaıns): gastroprotektif vs kardiotoksik,” Majority, vol. 6, pp. 153–158, 2017.
[8] B. A. Tarigan and F. S. K, “Topical anti-inflammatory effect of ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) leaves extract,” vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 303–311, 2021, doi: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.17617.
[9] S. Sumaiyah, M. Masfria, and A. Dalimunthe, “Anti-inflammatory activity of rhaphidophora pinnata (L.F) schott leaf extract,” Open Access Maced J Med Sci, vol. 8, no. A, 2020, doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2020.3842.
[10] A. G. S. Bella Pascila, Fathnur Sani K, Revis Asra, “Ujı aktıvıtas ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f.) Schott.) sebagaı antıhıperurısemıa terhadap mencıt putıh jantan,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 299–305, 2020.
[11] D. Lestari, I. Lestari, and F. S. K, “Uji efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) sebagai antihiperglikemia terhadap mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi sukrosa,” Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 100–110, 2021.
[12] F. Sani K, A. G. Samudra, H. Rahman, and A. O. Rahman, “Efektivitas khasiat penyembuhan luka sayat gel ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata ( L . f ) Schott ) berdasarkan analisis hidroksiprolin effectiveness of ıncision wound healing of extract ekor naga,” Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan, vol. 9, no. 2, pp.
60–66, 2022, doi: 10.33508/jfst.v9i2.4084.
[13] F. Sani K, K. Simamora, H. Rahman, A. O. Rahman, and Y. Yuliawati, “Efek pemberian gel ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) sebagai antiinflamasi metode carrageenan-ınduced air pouch,” Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, vol. 5, no. 5, 2023, doi: 10.25026/jsk.v5i5.1707.
[14] S. P. Pan et al., “C13 megastigmane derivatives from epipremnum pinnatum: β-damascenone inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules as well as NF-κB signaling,” Front Pharmacol, vol. 10, 2019, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01351.
[15] N. P. du Sert et al., “Reporting animal research: explanation and elaboration for the arrive guidelines 2.0,” 2020. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000411.
[16] M. S. Khan, S. K. Yusufzai, M. Rafatullah, M. S. Sarjadi, and M. Razlan, “Determination of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of various organic crude extracts of Licuala spinosa leaves from Sabah, Malaysia,” ASM Science Journal, vol. 11, no. Special Issue 3, 2018.
[17] O. R. Alara, N. H. Abdurahman, and O. A. Olalere, “Ethanolic extraction of flavonoids, phenolics and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf using two-level factorial design,” J King Saud Univ Sci, vol. 32, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2017.08.001.
[18] F. Ismed, W. N. Desti, N. Arifa, R. Rustini, and D. P. Putra, “ TLC-Bioautographic and LC-MS/MS Detection of Antimicrobial Compounds from Four Semipolar Extracts of Cladonia Species ,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Science and Clinical Pharmacy 2021 (ICCSCP 2021), vol. 40, no. February 2023, 2022, doi: 10.2991/ahsr.k.211105.008.
[19] F. N. Maslakhah, R. Mutiah, A. Hakim, R. Aprinda, and A. Suryadinata, “Metabolite Profiling Bagian Akar, Batang, Daun, dan Biji Helianthus annuus L. Menggunakan Instrumen UPLC-MS,” MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana), vol. 2, no. 2, 2019, doi: 10.24123/mpi.v2i2.1361.
[20] Y. Yamagishi, R. Saiki, T. Yoshimi, T. Kudo, and K. Ito, “Gastroprotective effect of enteral nutrition formula in mice injected subcutaneously with indomethacin,” Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 9, 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13093297.
[21] S. Sabiu et al., “Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: Protective roles of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata,” Toxicol Rep, vol. 2, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.002.
[22] E. Toktay and J. Selli, “Histopathological Overview of Experimental Ulcer Models,” 2022. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22312.
[23] R. M. El-Meligy, A. S. Awaad, G. A. Soliman, S. A. Kenawy, and S. I. Alqasoumi, “Prophylactic and curative anti-
ulcerogenic activity and the possible mechanisms of action of some desert plants,” Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 25, no. 3, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.008.
[24] K. S. De Lira Mota et al., “Flavonoids with gastroprotective activity,” 2009. doi: 10.3390/molecules14030979.
[25] H. L. Yuan, Y. L. Zhao, X. J. Qin, Y. P. Liu, X. W. Yang, and X. D. Luo, “Diverse isoquinolines with anti-inflammatory and analgesic bioactivities from Hypecoum erectum,” J Ethnopharmacol, vol. 270, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113811.
[26] M. T. Islam et al., “Phytol anti-inflammatory activity: Pre-clinical assessment and possible mechanism of action elucidation,” Cell Mol Biol, vol. 66, no. 4, 2020, doi: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.4.31.
[27] R. K. Manjusha, S. Begum, A. Begum, and K. Bharathi, “Antioxidant potential of piperidine containing compounds - A short review,” 2018. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26536.
[28] X. Wang, Y. Zhuang, Y. Wang, M. Jiang, and L. Yao, “The recent developments of camptothecin and its derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents,” 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115710.
[29] N. Zhang, Y. Xu, X. Yue, L. Xiong, H. Li, and L. Chen, “Isolation, characterization and anti-inflammatory effect
of alkaloids from the roots of Stemona tuberosa Lour,” Phytochemistry, vol. 220, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114013.
[30] S. S. Saha and M. Ghosh, “Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against streptozotocin-induced diabetes,” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 108, no. 6, 2012, doi: 10.1017/S0007114511006325.
[31] M. R. Pratama and Muhartono, “Dampak mengkonsumsi alkohol terhadap kesehatan lambung,” Majority, vol. 8, no. 2, 2019.
[32] R. C. Bishop, A. M. Kemper, P. A. Wilkins, and A. M. McCoy, “Effect of omeprazole and sucralfate on
gastrointestinal injury in a fasting/NSAID model,” Equine Vet J, vol. 54, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1111/evj.13534.
[33] J. Pasaribu, L. Loho, and P. Lintong, “GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI LAMBUNG TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIBERIKAN LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga Willd) SETELAH DIINDUKSI OLEH ASAM MEFENAMAT,” Jurnal e-Biomedik, vol. 1, no. 1, 2013, doi: 10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4570.
[34] N. Maria, K. Berata, Ma. Kardena, and Samsuri, “Studi Histopatologis Lambung Tikus Putih yang Diberi Parasetamol dan Suplementasi Propolis,” Buletin Veteriner Udayana, vol. 9, no. 1, 2017.
[35] S. Sumbul, M. A. Ahmad, M. Asif, and M. Akhtar, “Role of phenolic compounds in peptic ulcer: An overview,” 2011. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.84437.
Published
2025-11-18
How to Cite
SANI K, Fathnur et al.
Gastroprotective effect test of ekor naga leaves extract (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) on male white rats.
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 2, p. 348-358, nov. 2025.
ISSN 2614-6495.
Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/1698>. Date accessed: 08 dec. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v23i2.1698.
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