Homology Modeling dan Molecular Docking Senyawa Aktif dari Bengkoang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase pada Homo sapiens
Abstrak
Salah satu mekanisme obat pemutih adalah dengan menghambat kerja enzim tirosinase pada proses melanogenesis. Namun, enzim tirosinase manusia belum dapat dideterminasikan secara eksperimental, sehingga penelitian terhadap tirosinase manusia belum dapat dilakukan. Homology modeling merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk memodelkan struktur tiga dimensi dari enzim tirosinase pada manusia. Dari model tersebut diprediksi interaksi senyawa dalam bengkoang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) dalam menghambat enzim tirosinase pada manusia menggunakan pendekatan molecular docking yaitu dengan analisis pose. Di samping itu juga dapat diprediksi kekuatan ikatan antara senyawa ligan pada binding site protein target dengan menganalisis skor yang dihasilkan. Homology modeling dikerjakan dengan menggunakan template Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) dan metode Amber99 dari piranti lunak MOE 2009.10. Model yang didapatkan dievaluasi menggunakan analisis Ramachandran plot, z-score, dan plot energi ProSA. Model terbaik digunakan untuk molecular docking menggunakan active site ligand, placement method ALPHA PMI, dan scoring affinity DG dari piranti lunak MOE 2009.10. Model terbaik adalah TyrHSM (alignment default MOE) dengan 96,7% residu berada di allowed region pada Ramachandran Plot, memiliki positive region paling sedikit, dan memiliki ratio z-score >1. Senyawa ligan bengkoang yang diprediksi memiliki afinitas paling baik pada tirosinase manusia adalah 2-butoksi-2,5-bis(hidroksimetil)-tetrahidrofuran-3,4-diol dengan skor -0,3598 kkal/mol.
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