Stimulant effect of infusion of black pepper (Piperis nigri fructus) in mice
Abstract
Black pepper (Piperis nigri fructus) has been empirically used to eliminate fatigue and to increase stamina or as stimulant. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of black pepper infuse as stimulant on 30 male DDY mice using swimming and rotarod methods. The mice were divided into five groups. First group was given distilled water as control, second group was given caffeine of 0.36 mg/20 g bw. The other three groups were given orally with black pepper infuse of 0.32 mg/20 g bw, 0.65 mg/20 g bw, or 1.3 mg/20 g bw. Observations on mice swimming endurance and mice endurance on a rotarod, were carried out 60 minutes after oral administration of the solutions. Analysis using Kruskal-Wallis showed that there was significant difference in the stimulant efficacy between the black pepper infuse and the negative control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in stimulant effect between the 0.32 mg/20 g bw of black pepper infuse and the caffeine positive control, however, the infuse dose of 0.65 mg/20 g bw and 1.3 mg/20 g bw have demonstrated stronger stimulant effects (p>0.05) as compared to the caffeine positive control.
References
2. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Materia medika Indonesia. Jilid IV. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan; 1980. 99-108.
3. Sarwono S. Pengaruh pemberian seduhan serbuk buah lada hitam (Piper ningrum L.) terhadap hepatotoksisitas parasetamol terhadap mencit jantan. Penelitian Tanaman Obat di Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia. Edisi VII. 1995. 339:203.
4. Vogel HG. Drug discovery and evaluation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2002. 398, 559-60.
5. Brotto LA, Barr AM, Gorzalka Bb. Six differences in forced swim and open field tes behaviours after chonic administration of melantonin. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2000. 402:87-93.
6. Benoit PD, Franck C, Michel B. Forced swimming test in mice: A review of antidepresant activity. Psychopharmacology. 2005. 177:245-55.
7. Usman H, Akbar RPS. Pengantar statistika. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara; 1995. 149-77.
8. Setyawati A, Suyatna FD, Sulistia G. Pengantar famakologi. Dalam: Sulistia G, editor. Farmakologi dan terapi. Jakarta: Bagian Farmakologi FKUI; 2007. 16-7.
9. Guyton AC. Fisiologi manusia dan mekanisme penyakit. Alih bahasa: Andrianto P. Edisi III. Jakarta: Penerbit EGC; 1990. 616-7.
10. Nugroho YA, Lucie W, Pudjiastuti, Budi N. Toksisitas akut dan khasiat ekstrak som jawa (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) sebagai stimulan. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2005. 3(1):17-20.
11. Jawi IM, Nugraha IB, Sutirtayasa IWP , Rai MIB. Aktivitas fisik maksimal akut dapat meningkatkan kadar SGOT SGPT dan menimbulkan degenerasi sel hati mencit. Jurnal Kedokteran Yarsi, 2006. 14(3):204-7.
Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.
This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :
- SHARE:
copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format - ADAPT:
remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication) - ALIKE:
If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
It does however mean that when you use it you must:
- ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
You may not:
- NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.