Synthesis and Testing of Antimalarial Activity of 2,4-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline Compounds

  • RUSLIN HADANU UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA
  • MUSTAFA MUSTAFA UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
  • NAZUDIN NAZUDIN UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA

Abstract

Malaria is still the main health problems in subtropical and tropical countries. There are 105 countries in the world at malaria endemic and more than 500 million cases or more than 2.7 million deaths from malaria each year. The traditional remedies are no longer effective and the incidence of malarial by P. falciparum, the most dangerous species of parasite, continues to grow, while some traditional drugs such as chloroquine has been resistance. Synthesis of 2,4-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline [5] compounds with benzaldehyde [1], acetophenone [2], t-calcone [3], 8-aminoquinoline [4] as starting material through three steps has been carried out. The results of all steps of the reaction were obtained compounds of [5], (1)-N methyl-7,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate [6] and (1)-N-ethyl-7,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate [7]. The results of antiplasmodial activity in vitro testing of the derivatives on chloroquine resistant P. falciparum FCR3 indicated that compound [7] has higher antimalarial activity (IC5O = 0.06±0.05 µM) than the activity of [6] compound (ICSO = 1.27±O.97 µM) and [5] compound (1C50 = 1.66±0.70 µM). Results of similar in vitro testing on chloroquine resistant P. falciparum D10 strain indicated that [7] compound has higher antimalarial activity (IC50 = 0.04±0.04 uM) than the activity of [5] compound (IC50 = 1.13±0.30 µM) and [6] compound (ICSO = 0.81±0.06 µM).

References

1. Zein U. Penanganan Terkini Malaria P. falciparum, e-USU Repository. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2005.

2. Sach J and Malaney P. The Economic and Social Burden of Malaria, Nature. 2002. 415:680-5.

3. Tatu U, Jain S and Priya P. Whither genome research: Of man, mosquito and malaria, J Biosci. 2005. 30(5):567-71.

4. Mahmoudi N, Ortiz JVJ, Ciceron L, Galvez J, Mazier D, Danis M, DerouinF and Domenech RG. Identification of New Antimalarial Drugs by Linear Discriminant Analysis and Topological Virtual Screening, J Antimicrobial Chemothrapy. 2006. 57:489-97.

5. Ashley E, McGready R, Proux S and Nosten F. Review, Malaria, Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2006. 4:159-73.

6. Zarranz B, Jaso A, Lima LM, Aldana I, Monge A, Maurel S. Antiplasmodial activity of 3-trifluoromethyl-2-carbonquuinoxaline-di-N-oxide derivatives, Brazilian J. of Pharrn. Sci. 2006. 42(3):357-61.

7. D’Alessandro U and Buttiens H. History and importance of antimalarial drug resistance (abstract). Tropical Medicine International Health. 2001. 6(11):845-8.

8. Payne D. Spread of chloroquine resistance in P. falciparum. Parasitol. Today. 1987. 3(8):241-6.

9. Wensdorfer WH and Payne D. The dynamics of drugs resistance in P. falciparum. Pharmac Ther. 1991. 50:95-121.

10. Basco LK, Rugeri C and Le Bras J. Molecules antipaludique. Paris: Editions Masson;1994.

11. World Health Organization. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Geneva: WHO; 1997.

12. Desjardin RE, Caniield CJ, Haynes JD and Chulay JD. Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in Vitro by a semi automated microdulation technique. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1979. 16:710-8.

13. Yapi AD, Mustofa M, Valentin A, Chezal JM, Chavignon O and Chaillot C. In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Derivatives of 1,10-phenanthroline Framework, Arch Pharm Chem Life Sci. 2006. 339:201-6.

14. Yapi AD, Mustofa M, Valentin A, Chavignon O, Teulade JC, Mallie M. New Potensial Antimalarial Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Original Diazaanalogs of Phenanthroline J Chem Pharm Bull. 2000. 48(12):1886-9.

15. Trager W and Jensen JB. Human malaria parasite in continuous culture, Science. 1976. 193:673-5.
Published
2012-04-30
How to Cite
HADANU, RUSLIN; MUSTAFA, MUSTAFA; NAZUDIN, NAZUDIN. Synthesis and Testing of Antimalarial Activity of 2,4-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline Compounds. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 1-7, apr. 2012. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/269>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 10 No 1 (2012): JIFI
Section
Articles
License

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.