The Potency of Ethanolic Extract of Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Fruits as a Natural Diuretic
Abstract
Diuretics use as first treatment in hypertension and heart failure. Empirically, community use belimbi as diuretic. Preliminary study to explore the potency of bilimbi ethanolic extract as a natural diuretic was conducted using ninety male mice which divided into 6 groups. Each group consist of three sub-group of 5 mice respectively for three replications. Group 1 was given orally saline solution of tween 80, Group 2 was given orally urea solution 500 mg/kg BW, Group 3 was given orally furosemide 3 mg/kg BW, Group 4 was given orally extract of bilimbi 2.5 g/kg BW, Group 5 was given orally extract of bilimbi 5 g/kg BW, and Group 6 was given orally aquadest. The diuretic activity was determined by measuring cumulative urine volume every 1 hour during 5 hours post administration. The result showed that 2.5 g/kg BW had a strong diuretics activity 2 hours post administration and reached its maximum activity 3 hours post administration. At the peak of diuretic activity, extract of bilimbi 2.5 g/kg BW increased diuretic effect by 219% as compared to the aquadest and 41,5% as compared to the furosemide. It is concluded that extract of bilimbi has a potency as a natural diuretic.
References
2. Itoh N, Kawamura S, Higuchi S. Diuretics effects of acetazolamide, furosemide, and hydroflumetthiazide in cows. Journal of Japan Veterinary Medical Assosiation. 1992. 45:174-7.
3. Hnatyszyn O, Mino J, Gorzalczany S, Opezzo J, Ferraro G, Coussio J, et al. Diuretics activity of an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus sellowianus. Phytomedicine. 1999. 6:177-9.
4. Benowitz NL. Obat antihipertensi. Terjemahan dari: Basic dan Clinical Pharmacology. Penerjemah: Sjabana D et al. Jakarta: Penerbit Selemba Medika; 2001. 24-55
5. Hanon O, Seux ML, Lenoir H, Rigaud AS, Girerd X, Forette F. Duretics for cardiovascular prevention in elderly. Journal of Human Hypertention. 2004. 18:15-22.
6. Gupta S, Neyses L. Diuretic usage in heart failure. European Heart Journal. 2005. 26(7):644-9.
7. Kaplan NM . The place of diuretics in preventing cardiovascular events. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2004. 18: 29-32.
8. Prohovnik I, Jensen AH, Adams J, De Vivo D, Pavlakis SG. Hemodynamic etiology of elevated flow velocity and strokein sickle disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2009. 29: 803-10.
9. Duryatmo S. Aneka ramuan berkhasiat dari temutemuan. Jakarta: Puspa Swara. 2003. 77-81
10. Hernani, Winarti C, Marwati T. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada hewan uji. J Pascapanen. 2009. 6(1): 54-61.
11. Wijayakusuma HMH , Dalimartha S. Ramuan tradisional untuk pengobatan darah tinggi. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya; 1998. 42-3.
12. Pushpuraj PN, Tan BKH, Tan CH. The mechanism of hypoglycemic of the semi-purified fractions of Averrhoa bilimbi in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Life Sciences. 2001. 70: 535-47.
13. Ong HC, Nordiana M. Malay ethnomedico botany in Machang, Kelanthan, Malaysia [abstract]. Fitoterapia 1999. 70(5).
14. Pushparaj PN, Low HK, Manikandan J, Tan BKH, Tan CH. Anti-diabetic effects of Cichorium intybus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal Ethnopharmacology. 2007. 111(2): 430-4.
15. Depkes RI . Farmakope Indonesia. 4th ed. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Departemen Kesehatan RI ; 1995.
16. Mamun MM , Billah MM , Aschek MA, Ahasan MM , Hossain MJ, Sultana T. Evaluation of diuretic activity of Ipomea quatica (kalmisak) in Mice Model Study. J Med Sci. 2003. 3 (5-6): 395-400.
17. Mahmod H, Bachar SC, Saiful M, Ali MS . Analgesic and diuretic activity of Curcuma xantorrhiza. J Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2004. 3:1-12.
18. Katzung BG. Farmakologi dasar dan klinik. 1st ed. Penerjemah: Sjabana D, Rahardjo W, Sastrowardoyo, Hamzah E, Isbandiati I, Uno, Purwaningsih. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Medika; 2001. 1-100.
19. Englert J, Harnischfeger G. Diuretics action aqueous orthosiphon extract in rats. Planta Medica. 1992. 58: 237-8.
20. Bipat R, Tolsie JR, Joemnanbaks RF, Gummels JM, Klavermeide J, Jhanjan N, Orie S, Rarajiawan K, van Brusel A, Soekhoe RC, Mans DR A. Effects of plants populary used against hypertension on nornephineprinestimulated guinea pig atria. Pharmacognosy. 2008. 4(13):12-9.
21. Ganiswarna SG, Setiabudy R, Suyatna FD, Purwantyastuti, Nafrialdi. Farmakologi dan terapi. 4th ed. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 1995. 2-99.
22. Brater DC. Diuretic therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998. 339 (6):387-395.
23. Anonimus. Tanaman obat. 2005. Diambil dari http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id. Diakses 11 Februari, 2008.
24. Dahanukar SA, Kulkarni RA, Rege NN . Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. Indian J Pharmacol. 2000. 32: 81-118.
25. Ganong W. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. 20th ed. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran ECG; 2002. 1-80.
Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.
This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :
- SHARE:
copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format - ADAPT:
remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication) - ALIKE:
If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
It does however mean that when you use it you must:
- ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
You may not:
- NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Tools
