Profil Swamedikasi Analgesik di Masyarakat Surabaya, Jawa Timur
Abstrak
Swamedikasi merupakan salah satu upaya pasien untuk mengobati gejala atau gangguan kesehatan yang dialami dengan produk obat tanpa menggunakan resep dokter. Salah satu golongan obat yang sering digunakan secara swamedikasi adalah analgesik (36,2%-59,0%). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai swamedikasi analgesik di kalangan masyarakat Surabaya Timur, khususnya Kecamatan Mulyorejo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang melibatkan 225 pasien dari 9 apotek. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi profil sosiodemografi, frekuensi penggunaan analgesik, dan profil analgesik yang dibeli pasien. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi analgesik berdasarkan profil sosiodemografi pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata frekuensi penggunaan analgesik secara swamedikasi sebesar 10,71 (95%CI 8,81-12,60) kali dalam sebulan. Rata-rata frekuensi penggunaan analgesik secara swamedikasi dapat berbeda berdasarkan profil sosiodemografi. Pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berusia lansia, tidak bersekolah, belum bekerja, memiliki penghasilan rendah (<2 juta), tinggal sendiri/bercerai, memiliki riwayat merokok atau minum alkohol menunjukkan nilai rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Hasil penelitian terkait profil analgesik menunjukkan mayoritas pasien (80,0%) membeli 1 jenis analgesik. Golongan analgesik yang paling sering (67,03%) dibeli pasien adalah non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Sakit kepala (42,22%) merupakan keluhan yang seringkali mendorong pasien melakukan swamedikasi analgesik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, edukasi mengenai swamedikasi analgesik dapat lebih difokuskan pada kelompok pasien dengan latar belakang sosiodemografi tertentu dan golongan obat NSAID. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk menghindari penggunaan analgesik secara swamedikasi yang kurang bertanggung jawab.
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