DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTIFY FACTORS ATTRIBUTE TO THE BEHAVIOR OF NON-PRESCRIPTION ANTIBIOTIC USED

  • Eko Setiawan UNIVERSITAS SURABAYA
  • Dewi Paskalia Andi Djawaria UNIVERSITAS SURABAYA
  • Adji Prayitno UNIVERSITAS SURABAYA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v16i1.498

Abstract

Factors attributing to the behavior of non-prescription used of antibiotics in Indonesia setting have not been identified yet. The availability of effective and efficient instrument or method to identify the attributing factors might be the cause of non-optimal identifying process. The objective of present study was to develop instrument, i.e questionnaire, to identify factors contributing to the behavior of non-prescription used of antibiotics. The questionnaire was developed based on factors identified on published scientific literatures. Face and content validity were conducted by having the experts’ judgement, while the construct validity was conducted by using the Spearman Correlation Test. Reliability was tested by using Cronbach’s alpha test. There were 14 rating and 8 multiple answer questions in the questionnaire that could be classified unto 5 domains. After conducting the validity and reliability test, the final questionnaire had a R value 0.276-0.628 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.833. This valid and reliable questionnaire could be used to portray the attributing factors of non-prescription used of antibiotics in larger area, therefore, the most appropriate intervention could be planeed based on the identified factors.

References

1. Al-faham Z, Habboub G, Takriti F. The sale of antibiotics without prescription in pharmacies in Damascus , Syria. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2011;5(5):369–99.

2. Plachouras D, Kavatha D, Antoniadou A, Giannitsioti E, Poulakou G, Kanellakopoulou K, Giamarellou H. Dispensing of antibiotics without prescription in Greece, 2008: another link in the antibiotic resistance chain. Euro Surveill. 2010 Feb 18;15(7):4–7.

3. Bin Abdulhak A a, Altannir M a, Almansor M a, Almohaya MS, Onazi AS, Marei M a, Aldossary OF, Obeidat S a, Obeidat M a, Riaz MS, Tleyjeh IM. Non prescribed sale of antibiotics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011 Jan;11(1):538.

4. Llor C, Cots JM. The sale of antibiotics without prescription in pharmacies in Catalonia, Spain. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 May 15;48(10):1345–9.

5. World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/

6. Widayati A, Suryawati S, de Crespigny C, Hiller JE. Self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey. BMC Res Notes. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011 Jan;4(1):491.

7. Suaifan GARY, Shehadeh M, Darwish DA, Al-ijel H, Yousef AM, Darwish RM. A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and behavior related to \ antibiotic use and resistance among medical and non-medical university students in Jordan. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;6(10):763–70.

8. Khan SJ, Khan S, Shah N, Complex HM. Self-medication with Antibiotics in Urban Areas of Peshawar. 2011;9(1):2009–12.

9. Al-Azzam SI, Al-Husein B a, Alzoubi F, Masadeh MM, Al-Horani MAS. Self-medication with antibiotics in Jordanian population. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007 Jan;20(4):373–80.

10. Abasaeed A, Vlcek J, Abuelkhair M, Kubena A. Original Article Self-medication with antibiotics by the community of Abu Dhabi Emirate , United Arab Emirates. :5–11.

11. Skalet AH, Cevallos V, Ayele B, Gebre T, Zhou Z, Jorgensen JH, Zerihun M, Habte D, Assefa Y, Emerson PM, Gaynor BD, Porco TC, Lietman TM, Keenan JD. Antibiotic selection pressure and macrolide resistance in nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae: a cluster-randomized clinical trial. PLoS Med. 2010 Jan;7(12):e1000377.

12. Hicks L a, Chien Y-W, Taylor TH, Haber M, Klugman KP. Outpatient antibiotic prescribing and nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1996-2003. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(7):631–9.

13. Tan S-K, Tay Y-K. Profile and pattern of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a general hospital in Singapore: treatment outcomes. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012 Jan;92(1):62–6.

14. Piccirillo JF, Mager DE, Frisse ME, Brophy RH, Goggin A. Impact of first-line vs second-line antibiotics for the treatment of acute uncomplicated sinusitis. JAMA. 2001;286(15).

15. Emeka PM, Al-omar MJ, Khan TM. A Qualitative Study Exploring Role of Community Pharmacy in the Irrational Use and Purchase of Non-prescription Antibiotics In Al Ahsa. 2012;9(4):230–4.

16. Hadi U, van den Broek P, Kolopaking EP, Zairina N, Gardjito W, Gyssens IC. Cross-sectional study of availability and pharmaceutical quality of antibiotics requested with or without prescription (Over The Counter) in Surabaya, Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jan;10:203.

17. Nga DTT, Chuc NTK, Hoa NP, Hoa NQ, Nguyen NTT, Loan HT, Toan TK, Phuc HD, Horby P, Van Yen N, Van Kinh N, Wertheim HFL. Antibiotic sales in rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014 Jan;15(1):6.

18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. 2013;

19. Widayati A, Suryawati S, de Crespigny C, Hiller JE. Knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2012 Jan;1(1):38.

20. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of Clinical Research: Application to Practice. third edit. Cohen M, editor. New Jersey: Pearson Education; 2009.

21. Field A. Exploratory Factor Analysis. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. Third edit. New Delhi: Sage Publications; 2009. p. 627–85.
Published
2018-04-27
How to Cite
SETIAWAN, Eko; DJAWARIA, Dewi Paskalia Andi; PRAYITNO, Adji. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTIFY FACTORS ATTRIBUTE TO THE BEHAVIOR OF NON-PRESCRIPTION ANTIBIOTIC USED. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 107-114, apr. 2018. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/498>. Date accessed: 24 nov. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v16i1.498.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 16 No 1 (2018): JIFI
Section
Articles
License

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.