Analisis Mutasi pada Kodon 531 Pada Gen Rpob Mycobacterium tuberculosis Penyebab Resistensi Rifampisin
Abstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang serius di dunia. Menurut WHO, diperkirakan lebih dari 3 juta orang meninggal setiap tahun akibat penyakit menular ini. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan penanganan kemoterapi TB ternyata tidak efektif melawan bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang menyebabkan TB. Efektivitas pengobatan sering terhambat oleh munculnya resistensi bakteri terhadap agen imunoterapi M. tuberculosis. Dari beberapa penelitian ditemukan bahwa resistensi bakteri dapat terjadi pada lebih satu jenis agen kemoterapi yang juga dikenal dengan multi drug resistansi (MDR). Mycobacterium tuberculosis mengembangkan mekanisme resistensi yang berbeda dengan bakteri lain pada umumnya. Dalam prokariota, resistensi pada umumnya disebabkan oleh transfer genetik, baik melalui plasmid, transposon dan lainnya. Rangkaian referensi beta sub unit protein RNAP M. tuberkulosis dengan nomor aksesi NP_215181.1 dan gen M. tucerculosis rpoB dengan nomor aksesi NC_000962.3 digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi pendahuluan dari data base www.ncbi.nlm.gov dan www.uniprot. org. Mutasi dilakukan menurut beberapa literatur studi. Analisis komposisi, profi l, lokasi dan struktur protein menggunakan www.expasy.org, TMHMM dan http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/psipred. Desain primer dilakukan dengan Program Desain Primer. Berdasarkan analisis mutasi pada subunit beta protein RNAP M. tuberkulosis, kodon 531 (Ser->Leu), diketahui bahwa mutasi menyebabkan perubahan pada beberapa sifat dan struktur protein. Kemungkinan perubahan yang mempengaruhi sifat resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik rifampisin. Namun, analisis lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan dengan analisis teknik docking.
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