The Study of Blood Creatinin and Urea Concentration of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) due to Sodium Nitrite Induction

  • Dyah Ayu Widyastuti Pendidikan Biologi Universitas PGRI Semarang
  • Maria Asih Ristianti Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Ika Maya Sari Universitas Gadjah Mada
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v17i1.560

Abstract

Sodium nitrite is one of common food addition in most meat product. This kind of food preservative is allowed by Permenkes No. 722/Menkes/Per/IX/88 only in minimum doses due to its carcinogenic effect. The most targeted organ is kidney which is sensitive to chemical matter as nefrotoxin. When the kidney is damaged, the erytropoietin secretion to form erytrocite is disturbed. Physiological damage in kidney can be identified by the concentration of blood creatinin and urea. The objective of this research is to study about blood creatinin and urea concentration of Wistar rats which is induced by sodium nitrite. Two groups of Wistar rats were induced by two doses of sodium nitrite (11.25 and 22.50 mg/kg body weight, respectively) a day with one group of control. Blood serum of those three groups were then be analyzed for creatinin and urea concentration each week for three months. The result showed that creatinin concertration is fluctuative during the day one to day ninety. The average of creatinin concentration for two treated groups is not significantly lower than control group. Generally, the urea concentration is increasing for day fourteen to seventy seven then decreasing in day eighty four to ninety. However, there are no significant differences among three groups.

References

1. Anand, S. P. and N. Sati. 2013. Artificial preservatives and their harmful effects: looking toward nature for safer alternatives. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. Vol. 4(7): 2496-2501.

2. Peng, T., Z. Hu, X. Yang, Y. Gao, and C. Ma. 2018. Nitrite-induced acute kidney injury with secondary hyperparathyroidism: Case report and literature review. Medicine. Vol. 97(8): 01-04.

3. Fouad, S. S., M. M. Mohi-Eldin, M. A. Haridy, and A. M. Khalil. 2017. Ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (vit. C) against sodium nitrite toxicity in albino rats: hematological, biochemical and histopathological studies. American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences. Vol. 9(1): 01-06.

4. Helal, E., S. Zahkok, G. Z. A. Soliman, M. Al-Kassas, and H. A. Wahed. 2008. Biochemical studies on the effect of sodium nitrite and/or glutathione treatment on male rats. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. Vol. 30:
25-38.

5. Helal, E. G. E. 2001. Progressive effects of the interaction of sodium nitrite and sunset yellow on different physiological parameters in albino rats.The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. Vol. 2: 23-46.

6. Widyastuti, D. A. 2013. Blood profiles of Wistar rats due to subchronic condition caused by sodium nitrite. Jurnal Sain Veteriner. Vol. 31(2): 201-215.

7. Lestari, P., Sabikis, P. I. Utami. 2011. Analisis natrium nitrit secara spektrofotometri visibel dalam daging burger yang beredar di swalayan Purwokerto. Pharmacy. Vol. 8(3): 88-98.

8. Sindelar, J. J. And A. L. Milkowski. 2011. Sodium nitrite in procesed meat and poultry meats: a review of curing and examining the risk/benefit of its use. American Meat Science Association: White Paper Series. No. 3: 1-14.

9. Ansari, F. A., S. N. Ali, A. A. Khan, and R. Mahmood. 2017. Acute oral dose of sodium nitrite causes redox imbalance and DNA damage in rat kidney. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. DOI 10.1002/jcb.26611.

10. Elsabagh, R. A., R. A. Amin, and A. Amin. 2014. Health risks of some meat additives on male rats. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences. Vol. 9(2): 285-298.

11.Ateya, R. H., N. M. Taha, A. E. A. Mandour, M. A. Lebda, and A. M. El-Morshedy. 2016. Effect of monosodium glutamate and sodium nitrite on some biochemical parameters in Japanese quails. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences. Vol. 48(1): 107-114.

12. Aboulgasem, G. J. A., A. E. Azab, and M. M. Almaky. 2013. Sodium nitrite induced biochemical alterations in the blood serum and its amelioration by aqueous extract of Libyan propolis in Guinea pigs. International Journal of Science and Research. Vol. 4(8): 1040-1048.

13. Singh, P., S. Khan, and R. K. Mittal. 2014. Renal function test on the basis of serum creatinine and urea in type-2 diabetics and nondiabetics. Bali Medical Journal. Vol. 3(1): 11-14.

14.Nisha, R., S. R. S. Kannan, K. T. Mariappan, and P. Jagatha. Biochemical evaluation of creatinine and urea in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Journal of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Vol. 1(2): 01-05.

15. Matsue, Y., P. van der Meer, K. Damman, M. Metra, C. M. O’Connor, P. Ponikowski, J. R. Teerlink, G. Cotter, B. Davison, J. G. Cleland, M. M. Givertz, D. M. Bloomfield, H. C. Dittrich, R. T. Gansevoort, S. J. L. Bakker, P. van der Harst, H. L. Hillege, D. J. van Veldhuisen, and A. A. Voors. 2017. Blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio in the general population and in patients with acute heart failure. Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310112.

16. National Kidney Foundation. 2002. Clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification. Retrieved from http://www.abclab.co.id/?p=944.

17.Hosten, A. O. 1990. Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations 3rd edition. Retrieved from http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305/

18. Sahin, S. H., S. O. Sinar, I. Paksoy, N. Sut, and S. Oba. 2008. Comparison between low flow sevoflurane anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia during intermediate-duration surgery effection renal and hepatic toxicity. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093149/?tool=pmcentrez.

19. Thomas, D., S. Zachariah, A. E. E. Elamin, and A. L. O. Hashim. 2017. Limitations of serum creatinine as a marker of renal function. Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 6(5): 168-170.

20. Patel, S. S., M. Z. Molnar, J. A. Tayek, J. H. Ix, N. Noori, D. Benner, S. Heymsfield, J. D. Kopple, C. P. Kovesdy, K. Kalantar-Zadeh. 2012. Serum creatinine as a marker of muscle mass in chronic kidney disease: results of a cross-sectional study and review of literature. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. DOI 10.1007/s13539-012-0079-1.

21. Salazar, J. H. 2014. Overview of urea and creatinine. Lab Medicine. Vol. 45(1): 19-20.

22. Xie, Y., B. Bowe, T. Li, H. Xian, Y. Yan, and Z. Al-Aly. 2018. Higher blood urea nitrogen is associated with increased risk of incident diabetes mellitus. Clinical Investigation. Vol. 93: 741-752.

23. Pagana, K. D. And T. J. Pagana. 2006. Mosby’s manual of diagnostic and laboratory test. Mosby. Louis, pp: 467-470.
Published
2019-04-24
How to Cite
WIDYASTUTI, Dyah Ayu; RISTIANTI, Maria Asih; SARI, Ika Maya. The Study of Blood Creatinin and Urea Concentration of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) due to Sodium Nitrite Induction. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 17, n. 1, p. 14-20, apr. 2019. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/560>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v17i1.560.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 17 No 1 (2019): JIFI
Section
Articles

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.