Nanoelmusion Formulation of Ethanol Extract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) Fruit and Anticholesterol Activity In Vitro Test

  • Ratna Djamil Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila
  • Sarah Zaidan Universitas Pancasila
  • Vera Butar Butar Universitas Pancasila
  • Diah Kartika Pratami Universitas Pancasila
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v18i1.820

Abstract

Okra fruit has a flavonoid, phytosterol and pectin content, which is potential as an anticholesterol agent. The pharmacological activity of ethanol extract 70 % of okra fruit (EEOF) can be improved by forming nanoemulsion. This study aimed to prepare an ethanol extract 70 % and nanoemulsion of okra fruit and to prove the cholesterol inhibition in vitro EEOF is smaller than the nanoemulsion of EEOF. The okra fruit was extracted by kinetic maceration, the EEOF was analyzed by a phytochemical screening test and cholesterol inhibition assay in vitro using Liebermann-Burchard reagent. The anticholesterol activity was expressed as IC50 values. Nanoemulsion of EEOF prepared by spontaneous emulsification method using capmul, propylenglycol, glycerin (1 : 2.5 : 2 mL). The result of phytochemical screening of okra fruit simplicia and EEOF were contained flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, saponin, and coumarin. The resulting nanoemulsion has a 134.7 nm in diameter with a potential zeta value of -26.72 mV. EEOF has IC50 of 764.11 µg/mL and nanoemulsion of EEOF have IC50 of 712.50 µg/mL. Nanoemulsion can improve anticholesterol IC50 value because it was penetrated the gap between cells so that the delivery and bioavailability were higher.

References

1. Rahajoe AU. The Collaboration In Fighting Hypertension and Its Complications Cardiologist’s Prespective. Indonesia Society of Hypertension.World Health Organization (WHO); 2013.

2. Listiana L, TY P. Kadar kolesterol total pada usia 25-60 tahun. Electron J UM Surabaya. 2010;5(1):36–40.

3. Ngoc TH, Ngoc QN, Tran A, Phung NV. Hypolipidemic effect of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L.(Malvaceae) on Tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. J Pharm Sci. 2008;35:42–6.

4. Sabitha V, Ramachandran S, Naveen KR, Panneerselvam K. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm bioallied Sci. 2011;3(3):397.

5. Lovelyn C, Attama AA. Current state of nanoemulsions in drug delivery. J Biomater Nanobiotechnol. 2011;2(05):626.

6. Pawar KR, Babu RJ. Lipid materials for topical and transdermal delivery of nanoemulsions. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carr Syst. 2014;31(5).

7. Martien R, Adhyatmika A, Irianto IDK, Farida V, Sari DP. Perkembangan teknologi nanopartikel sebagai sistem penghantaran obat. Maj Farm. 2012;8(1):133–44.

8. Rahmat D, Müller C, Shahnaz G, Leithner K, Laffleur F, Khan MI, et al. HEC-cysteamine particles: influence of particle size, zeta potential, morphology and sulfhydryl groups on permeation enhancing properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2013;39(9):1338–45.

9. Suh WH, Suslick KS, Stucky GD, Suh Y-H. Nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, and neuroscience. Prog Neurobiol. 2009;87(3):133–70.

10. Rudel LL, Morris MD. Determination of cholesterol using o-phthalaldehyde. J Lipid Res. 1973;14(3):364–6.

11. Musa WJA, Situmeang B, Sianturi J. Anti-cholesterol triterpenoid acids from Saurauia vulcani Korth.(Actinidiaceae). Int J Food Prop. 2019;22(1):1439–44.

12. Djamil R, Anelia T. Penapisan fitokimia, uji BSLT, dan uji antioksidan ekstrak metanol beberapa spesies Papilionaceae. J Ilmu Kefarmasian Indones. 2009;7(2):65–71.

13. Farnsworth NR. Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. J Pharm Sci. 1966;55(3):225–76.

14. Djamil R, Rahmat D, Zaidan S, Latifah MN. Anticholesterol Activity of Okra Fruit Extract ( Abelmoschus esculentus ( L ) Moench ) and Its Nanoemulsion in Vivo. Pharmacogn J. 2020;12(2):1–5.

15. Daksha A, Jaywant P, Bhagyashree C, Subodh P. Estimation of sterols content in edible oil and ghee samples. Electron J Environ Agric Food Chem. 2010;9:1593–7.

16. Ditjen POM, Depkes RI. Materia Medika Indonesia. Ed kelima, Jakarta Dep Kesehat RI Hal. 1995;32–6.

17. Devahastin S. Panduan Praktis Mujumdar untuk Pengeringan Industrial. IPB Press; 2001.

18. Depkes RI. Parameter standar umum ekstrak tumbuhan obat. Jakarta Dep Kesehat Republik Indones. 2000;3–30.

19. Saha D, Jain B, Jain VK. Phytochemical evaluation and characterization of hypoglycemic activity of various extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. fruit. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2011;3(2):183–5.

20. Diba RF, Yasni S, Yuliani S. Nanoemulsifikasi spontan ekstrak jintan hitam dan karakteristik produk enkapsulasinya. J Teknol dan Ind Pangan. 2014;25(2):134.

21. Sahu GK, Sharma H, Gupta A, Kaur CD. Advancements in microemulsion based drug delivery systems for better therapeutic effects. Int J Pharm Sci Dev Res 1 008. 2015;15(008).

22. Seiva FRF, Chuffa LGA, Braga CP, Amorim JPA, Fernandes AAH. Quercetin ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism and improves antioxidant status in postnatally monosodium glutamate-induced metabolic alterations. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50(10):3556–61.

23. Mungure TE, Roohinejad S, Bekhit AE-D, Greiner R, Mallikarjunan K. Potential application of pectin for the stabilization of nanoemulsions. Curr Opin food Sci. 2018;19:72–6.

24. Mardikasari SA, Jufri M, Djajadisastra J. Formulasi dan Uji Penetrasi In-Vitro Sediaan Topikal Nanoemulsi Genistein dari Tanaman Sophora japonica Linn. J Ilmu Kefarmasian Indones. 2017;14(2):190–8.

25. Sriamornsak P. Chemistry of pectin and its pharmaceutical uses: A review. Silpakorn Univ Int J. 2003;3(1–2):206–28.

26. Marangoni F, Poli A. Phytosterols and cardiovascular health. Pharmacol Res. 2010;61(3):193–9.
Published
2020-04-25
How to Cite
DJAMIL, Ratna et al. Nanoelmusion Formulation of Ethanol Extract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) Fruit and Anticholesterol Activity In Vitro Test. JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, [S.l.], v. 18, n. 1, p. 75-80, apr. 2020. ISSN 2614-6495. Available at: <http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/820>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v18i1.820.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 18 No 1 (2020): JIFI
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Licencing
All articles in Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia are an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium.

This licence applies to Author(s) and Public Reader means that the users mays :

  • SHARE:
    copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format
  • ADAPT:
    remix, transform, and build upon the article (eg.: to produce a new research work and, possibly, a new publication)
  • ALIKE:
    If you remix, transform, or build upon the article, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • NO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS:
    You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

It does however mean that when you use it you must:

  • ATTRIBUTION: You must give appropriate credit to both the Author(s) and the journal, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

You may not:

  • NONCOMMERCIAL: You may not use the article for commercial purposes.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.